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重大化工事故往往是由多米诺效应引发的一连串故障而导致的。为实现苯乙烯聚合反应的本质安全,采用本质安全设计原则,设计了T型微反应器以替换传统釜式反应器。先通过计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立了三维稳态模型,再通过UDF(User Defined Functions)添加组分输运方程源项和能量方程源项,对苯乙烯自由基聚合反应进行了数值模拟,研究在微尺度条件下,反应温度、混合反应管道长度及形状对反应结果的影响。结果表明:由于微反应器可提高传热传质效率,在一定范围内反应温度可以控制在3 K以内;反应管道由0.15 m增长至1.5 m后,转化率可提高2倍左右;0.15 m直管形状改进为螺旋状后,转化率可至少提升4%。
Major chemical accidents are often caused by a series of failures caused by the domino effect. In order to realize the intrinsic safety of styrene polymerization, T-type microreactor was designed to replace the traditional autoclave reactor with the principle of intrinsically safe design. Firstly, a three-dimensional steady-state model was established by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Then, the components of transport equations and energy equations were added by UDF (User Defined Functions) to simulate the free radical polymerization of styrene. The effects of reaction temperature, length and shape of the mixed reaction tube on the reaction results were investigated at the microscale. The results show that the reaction temperature can be controlled within 3 K within a certain range because the microreactor can improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency. When the reaction pipe diameter increases from 0.15 m to 1.5 m, the conversion rate can be increased by about 2 times. The tube shape improved to a helix, the conversion rate can be increased at least 4%.