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列车的位置信息是列车控制系统的重要的基础信息,基于卫星导航(GNSS)的列车定位是近年来的研究热点,轨道占用识别是实时确定列车所在的股道及具体位置。本文介绍基于GNSS的轨道占用识别的原理,分析GNSS技术应用于轨道占用识别的可行性以及应用中的难点,包括GNSS用于轨道占用识别的精度及完好性问题,以及初始定位时的轨道识别问题。阐述目前国内外已有的一些基于GNSS的轨道占用识别方法,包括检测道岔状态、辅助应答器、检测航向角、地图匹配、隐马尔可夫模型,详细分析其原理、功能以及优缺点,认为采用隐马尔可夫模型进行定位不需要其他辅助手段,并可以有效地解决初始化定位问题,是一种较好的方法,需要进一步研究并进行实际测试验证。
Train position information is an important basic information of train control system. Train positioning based on satellite navigation (GNSS) is a research hotspot in recent years. Track occupancy identification real-time determines the stock track and specific location where the train locates. This paper introduces the principle of track occupancy identification based on GNSS, analyzes the feasibility of GNSS technology applied to track occupancy identification and its application difficulties, including the accuracy and integrity of GNSS for track occupancy identification and track identification during initial positioning . At present, some existing GNSS-based orbit occupancy identification methods are introduced, including the detection of switch status, auxiliary transponders, detection of heading angle, map matching and Hidden Markov Model. The principle, function and advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in detail. Hidden Markov model positioning does not require other aids, and can effectively solve the problem of initial positioning, is a better method, need further study and actual test verification.