目的:观察睾丸原发性神经内分泌肿瘤的组织学、免疫表型,探讨其临床病理特征、诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗预后。方法:运用组织学、免疫组化技术对7例睾丸原发性神经内分泌肿瘤进行光镜观察及免疫标记,并结合相关文献对其临床表现、组织形态和免疫组化特点及治疗和预后等进行综合分析。结果:7例男性患者均以睾丸无痛性肿块就诊,平均40.6岁。均不伴有类癌综合症。组织学上,肿瘤排列呈岛状、梁状,可见实性片状及大的不规则腺管样结构,瘤细胞大小较一致,呈圆形、多角形,胞质略嗜酸,胞界不清。核单一,圆形,染色质细颗粒状,核分裂象计数<2个/10HPF。免疫表型,瘤细胞均弥漫性表达Syn、CgA、NSE和CK,Ki-67阳性细胞数<2%。结论:原发于睾丸的神经内分泌肿瘤非常罕见,通常不伴有类癌综合症,早期手术切除预后较好。免疫组化染色有助于该肿瘤诊断,鉴别诊断包括睾丸畸胎瘤合并类癌、转移性神经内分泌肿瘤、精原细胞瘤、支持细胞瘤等。 OBJECTIVE: To observe the histology and immunophenotype of primary neuroendocrine tumors in testes, and to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis. Methods: Seven cases of primary neuroendocrine tumors of the testis were observed by light microscopy and immuno-labeled with histological and immunohistochemical techniques, and their clinical manifestations, histological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, treatment and prognosis Comprehensive analysis. Results: Seven male patients were treated with painless testicular mass, average 40.6 years old. Are not associated with carcinoid syndrome. Histologically, the tumor was arranged in an island, beam shape, solid sheet and large irregular duct-like structure, the size of the tumor cells was more consistent, round, polygonal, cytoplasm slightly acid, cell boundary is not clear. Single nuclear, round, fine chromatin, mitotic count <2 / 10HPF. Immunophenotype, tumor cells were diffusely expressed Syn, CgA, NSE and CK, Ki-67 positive cells <2%. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendocrine tumors originating in the testis are rare and usually not associated with carcinoid syndrome, with a good prognosis of early surgical resection. Immunohistochemical staining contributes to the diagnosis of the tumor. Differential diagnosis includes testicular teratoma with carcinoid, metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, seminoma, and so on.