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目的探讨临床医生的职业倦怠与应对方式的关系,为临床医生职业倦怠的干预提供理论依据。方法采用Maslach职业倦怠量表(MBI)和应对方式问卷(CSQ)对112名临床医生进行了调查。结果不同性别医生在情绪衰竭维度上存在显著性差异(t=-3.932;P<0.05)、不同婚姻状况医生在情绪衰竭、去个性化和低个人成就感3个维度上都存在显著性差异(F=7.526,12.048,7.519;P<0.01)、不同职称医生在情绪衰竭和去个性化2个维度上也均存在显著性差异(F=3.731,7.478;P<0.05)。在应对方式中,不同性别医生在自责、合理化两因子上存在显著差异(F=1.845,2.356;P<0.05)、不同婚姻状况医生在求助和退避两因子上存在显著差异(F=3.155,3.784;P<0.05)、不同职称医生在幻想因子上存在显著性差异(F=5.537,P<0.05)。通过职业倦怠和应对方式的Pearson相关分析,解决问题、求助与情绪衰竭(-0.254,-0.214)、去个性化(-0.208,-0.159)、低个人成就感(-0.216,-0.161)存在显著负相关;自责、幻想、退避、合理化与情绪衰竭、低个人成就感存在显著正相关。结论医生职业倦怠现状严重,防治工作应关注女性、离异、高级职称的医生。采用积极的应对方式对缓解医生职业倦怠有重要作用。
Objective To explore the relationship between clinicians’ job burnout and coping style, and to provide a theoretical basis for the intervention of clinicians on job burnout. Methods A total of 112 clinicians were investigated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ). Results There were significant differences in emotional exhaustion dimensions (t = -3.932; P <0.05) among different gender doctors. There were significant differences in the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment among doctors of different marital status F = 7.526, 12.048, 7.519; P <0.01). There were also significant differences in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization among doctors with different professional titles (F = 3.731, 7.478, P <0.05). There was a significant difference in coping style between two sexes (F = 1.845,2.356; P <0.05), and there was significant difference between the two doctors in different marital status (F = 3.155, 3.784; P <0.05). There were significant differences in fantasy factors between doctors with different titles (F = 5.537, P <0.05). Through the Pearson correlation analysis of job burnout and coping style, we found that there were significant differences between the two groups (P0.05, P0.05) Negative correlation; self-blame, fantasy, evasion, rationalization and emotional exhaustion, low personal accomplishment there is a significant positive correlation. Conclusion Doctors burnout serious status quo, prevention and treatment should focus on women, divorced, senior doctors. Adopting a positive coping style plays an important role in alleviating the occupational burnout of doctors.