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2014年新《行政诉讼法》在司法审查根据里增加了“明显不当”这一标准,理论界对于该标准是合法性还是合理性展开了深入探讨。本文根据立法者本意、法条逻辑等层面分析后,认为明显不当行政行为应向实质合法方向判断。回归到行政审判层面,明显不当应存在于实体裁量领域,其常与行政处罚、行政给付、行政裁决等行政行为相伴。本文通过案例检索反思实践,提出要在司法权尊重行政权的前提下,重视并建立自己的一套语义及评判标准,厘清明显不当的适用场合、裁判考虑因素,对今后司法实践明显不当审查提出些许建议。
The new “Administrative Procedure Law” in 2014 added the criterion of “obvious misconduct” to the judicial review basis, and the theoretical circles conducted an in-depth discussion on whether the standard is legal or reasonable. Based on the analysis of the legislature’s intention and the logic of the law, this article argues that apparently inappropriate administrative action should be judged in a substantive and legal direction. Returning to the level of administrative judgment, apparently improper should exist in the field of substantive discretion, often accompanied by administrative actions such as administrative punishment, administrative payment and administrative adjudication. Based on the case retrieval and reflection practice, this paper puts forward that we should attach importance to and establish our own set of semantic and evaluation criteria under the premise of judicial power respects administrative power, clarify the apparently inappropriate application occasions, referee considerations, and appraise the improper review of judicial practice in the future A little advice.