新中国成立后,中国共产党逐渐建立起一套新型的政治制度。其基本特征,是党对政府的绝对领导和国家权力的高度集中统一。它既具有广泛的民主性和高效性,也存在着党政不分、权力过分集中的弊端。针对政治体制运行中存在的问题,从20世纪50年代中期开始,以毛泽东为首的中国共产党人大胆冲破苏联模式的束缚,对中国政治制度进行 After the founding of New China, the Chinese Communist Party gradually established a new type of political system. Its basic feature is the party’s absolute leadership over the government and the high degree of centralization and unification of state power. It not only has a wide range of democratization and efficiency, but also has the drawbacks that the party and government are not divided and the power is excessively concentrated. In response to the problems existing in the operation of the political system, starting from the mid-1950s, the Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong boldly broke the shackles of the Soviet model and carried out political reforms in China’s political system