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孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组神经发育障碍性疾病，虽然ASD患病率不断上升，但其发病机制至今未明。目前研究提示其可能与遗传因素、免疫因素和环境因素有关。有研究表明维生素D(Vit D)缺乏与ASD患病率存在负相关，补充Vit D可能降低ASD的发病风险。因为Vit D的广泛生理功能，Vit D可作为类固醇激素作用于遗传、免疫和环境等多个方面，同时，遗传、免疫和环境也影响Vit D的代谢及功能，所以Vit D缺乏可能导致ASD的发病。本研究重点综述了Vit D与ASD发病的遗传因素、免疫因素和环境因素等方面的相互关系及近年的研究进展。“,”Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder.Despite the high prevalence of ASD, no definite pathogenesis of ASD has yet been elucidated to date.Accumulating evidence indicated that the pathogenesis of ASD may be related to genetic, environmental and immune factors.Studies has been shown that vitamin D(Vit D)deficiency is negatively correlated with the prevalence of ASD, and that supplementation with Vit D may reduce the risk of ASD.Because of the extensive physiological functions of Vit D, it can act as a steroid hormone in multiple aspects such as genetic, environment and immune profiles.Meanwhile, the genetic, environmental and immune changes could also affect the metabolism and function of Vit D, and vice versa.Therefore, Vit D deficiency probably lead to the development of ASD.This review focuses on the relationship between Vit D and environmental, genetic and immune factors of ASD.