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目的分析1985-2010年25 a间烟台市7～18岁学生视力不良变化趋势,为防控学生视力不良提供科学依据。方法利用1985-2010年烟台市学生体质健康调研资料,采用Excel 2003和SPSS 16.0分别建立数据库并进行统计学分析。结果 1985,1995,2000,2005和2010年学生平均视力不良检出率,男生分别为39.39%,60.86%,60.05%,63.85%,67.22%;女生分别为42.94%,66.63%,64.65%,69.52%,77.75%;男、女生比较,除2000年外,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为4.313,6.030,5.784,19.968,P<0.05或P<0.01)。小学低年级、小学高年级、初中、高中学生平均视力不良率分别为24.46%,49.19%,75.14%和80.79%。轻度、中度、重度视力不良构成比分别为15.26%,27.73%和57.00%。学生视力不良患病率及严重程度随年份、年级、年龄增加呈增长的变化趋势。结论烟台市7～18岁学生视力不良呈高发、低龄化流行趋势。应以青春早期的学生,尤其是女生为重点人群,采取综合措施加强防控。
Objective To analyze the changing trend of vision impairment among students aged 7-18 years in Yantai from 1985 to 2010 and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of poor eyesight. Methods According to the data of Yantai students’ physical health survey from 1985 to 2010, the databases were established by Excel 2003 and SPSS 16.0 respectively and analyzed statistically. Results The average prevalence of vision loss among students in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010 were 39.39%, 60.86%, 60.05%, 63.85% and 67.22%, respectively. The percentage of girls was 42.94%, 66.63%, 64.65% and 69.52 respectively %, 77.75% respectively. There was significant difference between boys and girls except for 2000 (χ2 = 4.313,6.030,5.784,19.968, P <0.05 or P <0.01). The average rate of poor eyesight in the lower grades of primary school, high school, junior high school and high school were 24.46%, 49.19%, 75.14% and 80.79% respectively. The proportions of mild, moderate and severe eyesight were 15.26%, 27.73% and 57.00% respectively. Students prevalence and severity of poor vision with age, grade, age showed an increasing trend of change. Conclusion The visual acuity of 7 ~ 18 years old students in Yantai City is in the trend of high incidence and low age. Early youth should be students, especially girls as the key population, to take comprehensive measures to strengthen prevention and control.