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目的:运用现代影像学技术建立古人类牙标本三维模型,以减少古人类牙形态学研究过程中造成的毁损,并实现古人类牙标本的数字化保存和资源共享。方法:运用Micro-CT对517颗西安地区出土的2000年前人牙进行扫描,采用Mimics10.01软件三维重建和保存。扫描图像全部重建后,从中随机抽取20颗牙,对照标本实物与其相应模型进行牙冠长、根长、近远中径、颊舌径的比较,以验证模型的可靠性和真实性。结果:对517颗牙全部建立了三维模型。模型形态逼真,在软件支持下,可将各组织结构精确分离和测量。通过对标本的实际测量值与三维模型相应测量值的比较,发现两种方法测得的数值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),误差率在0.21%～4.99%之间。结论:Micro-CT扫描及Mimics软件三维重建技术可作为古人类牙标本数字化保存的较佳方法,该方法易于操作,可行性高,可同时保护牙标本的完整性,又可获得较精确的三维数据。
OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimensional model of ancient human tooth specimens using modern imaging techniques so as to reduce the damage caused by the research of ancient human tooth morphology and realize the digital preservation and resource sharing of ancient human tooth specimens. Methods: A total of 517 human teeth extracted from 517 Xi’an areas were scanned by Micro-CT and reconstructed and preserved by Mimics 10.01 software. After all the reconstructed images were scanned, 20 teeth were randomly selected to compare the coronal length, root length, mesiodistal diameter and bucco-lingual diameter of the specimen with its corresponding model to verify the reliability and authenticity of the model. Results: A total of 517 teeth to establish a three-dimensional model. Model lifelike, in software support, the organization structure can be accurately separated and measured. The comparison between the actual measured value of the specimen and the corresponding measured value of the three-dimensional model shows that there is no significant difference between the two methods (P> 0.05), and the error rate is between 0.21% and 4.99%. Conclusion: Micro-CT scanning and Mimics software 3D reconstruction technology can be used as a better method for digital preservation of ancient human dental specimens. The method is easy to operate and has high feasibility, which can simultaneously protect the integrity of dental specimens and obtain more accurate three-dimensional data.