Spinach Rubisco (ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) large (rbcL) and small (rbcS) subunits were separated by SDS-PAGE, and protein amount and purity were determined by Bradford assay. Polyclonal antibodies against rbcL and rbcS subunit were generated in female BALB/c mice and had no cross-reaction with each other. A total of 81 μg antigens were used and 0.3 ml anti-sera with titer of 1:5000were yielded. The antibodies were also applicable to study rbcL and rbcS in tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Potato virus X vector pGR107 induced silencing of rbcS gene by Agrobacterium in Nicotiana benthaniana was performed. The expression level ofrbcL and rbcS was lower in rbcS silenced plants than that in control plants as detected by the corresponding antibodies. This implied that the expression of rbcL was regulated by rbcS.