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单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染与新生儿发病率和病死率密切相关。发生HSV感染的新生儿大部分是在分娩时由产道获得病毒。患原发HSV感染的母亲经阴道分娩的新生儿发生临床感染的危险很高,据估计大于50%;母为再发性感染虽经阴道分娩,则新生儿感染危险性低,被认为低于5%。理论上有以下几个原因:再发感染时,子宫颈常不被侵犯,而原发感染时子宫颈通常受累;再发感染时产道内HSV较原发感染时效价低,存在时间短。另外,抗HSV抗体的存在与否也影响新生儿感染率。
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and neonatal morbidity and mortality are closely related. Most newborns with HSV infection acquire the virus from the birth canal at delivery. Newborns with primary HSV infection have a high risk of clinical infection of the vaginally infected newborns, which is estimated to be greater than 50%; the risk of neonatal infections is considered to be low if the mother is a recurrent infection although delivered vaginally 5%. In theory, there are several reasons: the recurrence of infection, the cervix is not invariably invading, but the primary infection of the cervix is usually involved; re-infection when the birth canal HSV than the primary infection when the titer is low, there is a short period of time. In addition, the presence or absence of anti-HSV antibodies also affects neonatal infection rates.