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已有的研究结果表明:极地冰下存在生命活动的证据。生物地球化学过程以其独特的视角,从生物学和地球化学学科交叉的角度,对于诠释冰下环境微生物生存及其对全球气候的影响提供了一条新途径。目前对于冰下生命的研究多集中在温型冰川和多温型冰川,关于冷型冰川冰下环境的生物起源、生存条件、能源转化方式和生物体的空间分布特征及种属关系等研究均还处在起步阶段。在简要阐述冰下化学风化机理发展历程的基础上,对近年应用生物地球化学过程研究极地冰下环境的研究成果进行总结和分析。此外,针对该领域目前研究上的空白和热点,分别对利用生物地球化学过程研究冰下环境微生物生存和繁衍,冰下温室气体释放,重大古气候事件探索及星际生命探索等科学命题进行展望。
The existing research results show that there is evidence of life activity under polar ice. Biogeochemical process with its unique perspective, from the cross-disciplinary biology and geochemistry, for interpreting the environmental microbial survival under ice and its impact on the global climate provides a new way. At present, the researches on life under ice mainly focus on the warm-type glaciers and the warm-type glaciers. The biological origin, living conditions, energy conversion methods and the spatial distribution characteristics and species relations of living organisms under cold ice glacier environment Still in its infancy. Based on the brief introduction of the development history of chemical weathering mechanism in ice, the research results of using biogeochemical processes to study the environment under polar ice in recent years are summarized and analyzed. In addition, in view of the current research gaps and hotspots in the field, the prospect of using biogeochemical processes to study such scientific propositions as the survival and multiplication of environmental microorganisms under ice, the release of greenhouse gases under ice, the exploration of major paleoclimate events and the exploration of interstellar life are discussed respectively.