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普罗普的《故事形态学》开创了故事学形式研究的先河,从民间文学研究史的角度来说,在特定的历史阶段有其积极的意义。但是,这种研究也有其自身的缺陷,即对故事整体性和具体的一个一个的民间故事的忽视。从故事形态学到口头程式理论,人们一以贯之的学术追求就是寻找隐藏在故事结构中的规律,但是民间故事本身所具有的丰富性、生动性、曲折性和生活性在形态学那里消失了,民间故事研究只剩下一种所谓的客观、理性、实证的科学分析。要解决故事形态学的这一隐忧,必须从对故事形态学的研究走向对故事学的研究,建立整体性的、立足于具体的民间故事的、具有人文性的故事学理论。
Propop’s Story Morphology pioneered the study of the form of storytelling. From the perspective of the study of folklore, it has a positive meaning in the specific historical stage. However, this kind of research also has its own defects, that is, the ignorance of the story integrity and the concrete one-by-one folk tales. From story morphology to oral program theory, people’s consistent academic pursuit is to find the law hidden in the structure of stories. However, the richness, vividness, tortuosity and life style of the folk tales disappear in morphology, Only a story of the so-called objective, rational, empirical scientific analysis. To solve the hidden troubles of the morphology of the story, we must go from the study of story morphology to the study of story study, and establish a holistic and humanistic story theory based on concrete folk stories.