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交通流信息采集需求可分为交通规划、路段运营管理、交通流管控三个层次。定义满足交通规划需求的检测器布置方案为最小检测器布置,满足交通状态估计与投资相平衡的检测器布置为最优检测器布置。将高速公路网视为有向图,边数与节点数之差为最小检测器数量,利用最小边控制集的思想得到最小检测器布置方案。运用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法对不同检测器布置方案下交通流状态进行估计,计算估计偏差,以获得最优检测器布置。通过数例对提出的分层优化方法进行了仿真试验,验证了方法的有效性。
Traffic flow information collection needs can be divided into traffic planning, section operation management, traffic flow control three levels. Define the detector layout that satisfies the traffic planning requirements as the minimum detector layout, and the detector layout that satisfies the traffic state estimation and investment equilibrium is the optimal detector layout. The highway network is regarded as a directed graph, the difference between the number of edges and the number of nodes is the minimum number of detectors, and the minimum detector arrangement scheme is obtained by using the idea of minimum edge control set. The extended Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the traffic flow under different detector layouts and the estimated deviations are calculated to obtain the optimal detector layout. Through several examples, the proposed layered optimization method is simulated, and the validity of the method is verified.