目的:探讨BRAF V600E突变的上皮样胶质母细胞瘤（epithelioid glioblastoma， eGBM）的临床病理特征和分子遗传学改变。方法:回顾性分析四川大学华西医院2012—2019年确诊的16例BRAF V600E突变的eGBM，总结其临床和病理特点及分子遗传学改变。结果:患者年龄7~61岁，中位年龄31.5岁。其中男性4例，女性12例，男女比1∶3。11例为初诊病例，5例为复发病例。肿瘤多位于大脑半球，以额叶多见，平均直径4.6 cm（2.0~8.0 cm）。镜下表现为排列紧密的上皮样肿瘤细胞或横纹肌样肿瘤细胞呈片状或巢团状分布。肿瘤细胞形态较一致，胞膜明显，胞质嗜酸性，核偏位，空泡状，部分细胞可见核仁，核分裂活跃。所有病例均可见栅栏状/凝固性坏死；多数病例可见肾小球样微血管增生，部分病例可见多核瘤巨细胞。2例有局灶肉瘤样形态，3例可见局灶多形性黄色星形细胞瘤样形态。肿瘤细胞不同程度表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、Olig2和p53，Ki-67阳性指数10%~50%，仅1例ATRX蛋白表达缺失。Sanger测序显示16例均检出BRAF V600E突变，5例同时检出TERT基因启动子第228位点或第250位点突变，所有病例均未检出IDH1（R132）和IDH2（R172）位点突变。患者均行手术切除肿瘤，3例患者进行了术后辅助放化疗。15例获得随访资料，随访时间1~89个月（中位时间10个月），其中7例患者于术后1~37个月死亡，另有5例复发。年龄<35岁的患者总生存期明显长于≥35岁的患者（n P=0.014），但无疾病进展生存时间差异无统计学意义（n P=0.232）。n 结论:BRAF V600E突变的eGBM好发于中青年女性。镜下以形态较一致的上皮样肿瘤细胞为主，需与横纹肌样脑膜瘤、间变型多形性黄色星形细胞瘤、非典型畸胎样/横纹肌样瘤、转移癌、黑色素瘤等鉴别。部分病例可观察到多形性黄色星形细胞瘤样区，提示二者起源可能相关。此类肿瘤恶性程度较高，大部分患者在短期内复发或死亡，但年轻患者预后相对较好。“,”Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of the epithelioid glioblastoma (eGBM) with BRAF V600E mutation.Methods:Sixteen cases of eGBM with BRAFn V600E mutation diagnosed at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China from 2012 to 2019 were collected. Their clinicopathological and molecular characteristics were analyzed.n Results:The range of patients′ age was from 7 to 61 years (median 31.5 years). There were 4 males and 12 females, with a male to female ratio of 1∶3. Eleven cases were newly diagnosed eGBM and five cases had a previous history of astrocytomas. Most of the tumors were located in the cerebral hemisphere, often in the frontal lobe, with an average diameter of 4.6 cm (2.0-8.0 cm). The tumors were composed of relatively uniform, closely packed epithelioid cells, some showing discohesion, with distinct cell membrane, eosinophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, distinct nucleoli and mitotic activity. Palisaded/coagulative necrosis was seen in all cases. Glomerular microvascular proliferation was seen in most of the cases, while mono-or multi-nucleated tumor giant cells were seen in some cases. Focal sarcomatoid area was seen in 2 cases, and focal pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)-like area was seen in 3 cases. Immunohistochemistry showed variable positivity for GFAP, Olig2 and p53. The median Ki-67 index was 30% (10%-50%). Only one case lost ATRX protein expression. Sanger sequencing identified the BRAF V600E mutation in all sixteen patients. Five cases also had mutations in the TERT gene promoter. No IDH1 (R132) or IDH2 (R172) mutation was detected. Surgical resection of the tumors was performed for all patients, and 3 patients also received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Follow-up data were available for 15 patients, with a follow-up time of 1-89 months (median 10 months). Among the 15 patients, 7 patients died of disease and another 5 patients had recurrences. The overall survival time of the patients under 35 years of age was significantly longer than that of the patients aged 35 years or older (n P=0.014), but their progression-free survival was not statistically different (n P=0.232).n Conclusions:eGBM with BRAF V600E mutation is more commonly detected in young women than other the populations (i.e. elderly or male). The epithelioid morphology should include rhabdoid meningioma, anaplastic PXA, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, metastatic tumors, and melanoma in its differential diagnosis. PXA-like area is observed in some eGBM cases, suggesting a relationship of these two types of tumor. eGBM is a high-grade malignant tumor and most of the cases show recurrences or deaths in a short-period time. The younger patients have a relatively better prognosis than the older ones.