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寒区河流在春季往往会由于水力因素的剧烈变化而引发冰盖溃决,国内俗称为“武开河”。这一现象会导致冰坝形成,进而形成凌洪灾害。基于弹塑性力学分析,得到了考虑塑性变形的开河极限应力计算公式,与仅考虑弹性变形的极限应力公式相比,前者计算结果约为后者的1.39倍。通过黄河河曲段实例应用分析表明,开河前夕,将冰盖视为弹塑性材料,比视为完全弹性材料能够更好地消除判别结果误差,可为武开河判别提供理论参考。
Cold spring rivers tend to lead to ice capsications due to the drastic changes of hydraulic factors, commonly known as “Wu Kai River ”. This phenomenon will lead to the formation of ice dam, and then form a flood disaster. Based on the analysis of elastic-plastic mechanics, the formula for calculating the ultimate stress of Kaihe River considering plastic deformation is obtained. Compared with the formula of ultimate stress that only considers the elastic deformation, the former results in about 1.39 times of the latter. The analysis of the practical example of the Yellow River bend shows that on the eve of Kai River, considering the ice sheet as the elastic-plastic material, it can eliminate the error of the discrimination result better than the completely elastic material, which can provide a theoretical reference for Wu Kaihe discrimination.