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Although the above person surnamed Ding have been condemned by public opinion after exposure of the news， similar incidents still occur at times. We can not help but ask with indignation： why there're some people who are often unable to control their "itchy hands"？ What are those who witnessed the scandal doing before news exposure？ And how should we protect these precious cultural heritage in a practical and effective manner？
虽然上文提到的“丁某某”之辈，在新闻曝光后都受到了来自舆论的谴责，但后续类似事件仍时有发生。让人愤慨的同时，我们不禁想问，为何屡屡会有人控制不住自己“发痒的手”？在新闻曝光前，那些目睹丑行的其他公众又在做什么？又该怎样切实有效保护这些珍贵的文化遗产？
A pity of reality
现实的遗憾
"The destruction of heritage in China goes through two stages." "He Sanwei， Senior Commentator from Southern People Weekly sharply pointed out， with 60 years as a limit， the first 30 years is the first phase when ideology is a killer of relics. "With no economic benefit， people used to be starved so badly that they hit temples， statues， tombs， houses and other old items and tried not to miss out on any stuff they saw." The destruction of cultural heritage is fatal at that period.
While the later three decades is the second phase. "The time of period gives top priority to economic development， therefore， all cultural heritage and culture have to make way for economy. People pull no punch in their demolishing thousands of years of historical sites. However， one day during their demolition， they suddenly realize that relics can contribute to tourism which can make money." He said regretfully that， "At present， the remaining relics are suffering from challenges of 'protection' and tourism. "
In this regard， Shan Jixiang， Director of the National Palace Museum which is the only one in the world receiving as many as ten million tourists， admits that limited security forces， unsustainable force and intensity of governance， as well as unbridled rising numbers of visitors are severely affecting the preservation of cultural heritage， and this is a thing National Palace Museum is not able to completely cope with on its own.
“在中国，对文物的破坏经历了两个阶段。”《南方人物周刊》资深评论员何三畏一针见血指出。他表示，以六十年为限，前三十年为第一阶段。其中，意识形态成为文物的杀手。“没有任何经济利益，人们曾经饿着肚子，见旧东西就砸，寺庙，神像，古墓，旧房等等，能不放过就不放过。”那段历史对文化遗产的破坏是致命的。
后三十年为第二个阶段。“后三十年是以发展经济为硬道理，所有的文物和文化都得给经济让路，拆毁千百年的历史遗迹，绝不手软。但拆到某一天，突然发现文物可以帮助旅游，旅游可以赚钱。”他遗憾地指出，“当前，最后的文物正在经受着‘保护’和旅游的挑战。”
对此，作为世界上唯一一座接待观众量超一千万的博物馆，故宫博物院院长单霁翔更坦承，由于治安力量有限，治理力量和力度难以持续，无限制攀升的游客数量，严重影响文化遗产保护，而且故宫博物院通过自身努力无法彻底解决。
Japan is no exception. The protection of cultural heritage also compromises because of actual situations. Initially， local residents hesitated and were conflicting as to apply to list Mount Fuji among the world heritage. Yet a previous public survey showed that 56.6% of respondents were for including Mount Fuji among the World Heritage List， which is not as high as expected. Some experts made clear the adverse effects： "The pursuit of economic interests will inevitably lead to expanding tourists in scenic spots， while unsound supporting management will result in accelerated destruction of cultural heritage in the context of a surge in the crowd". In fact， after being included in the World Heritage List， people visiting Mount Fuji have substantially outnumbered， which does have brought considerable pressure on local ecological environment. 无独有偶，在日本，文化遗产的保护也因着现实的情况出现了妥协。最初，当地民众对富士山申遗的态度犹豫并矛盾。此前的民众调查显示56.6%的受访者支持富士山被列入世界遗产名录，该比例并没有想象中高。“对经济利益的追逐必然会引发景区游客量的膨胀，而配套管理的不完善在激增的人群面前，又会带来文化遗产的加速破坏”，有专家明确指出其中的不利影响。事实上，申遗成功后富士山登山人数大量增加，确实给当地生态环境带来了不小的压力。
Existence of the majority of the silent
沉默大多数的存在
Liang Sicheng， a Chinese architect master， who once campaigned to protect the ancient city wall of Beijing， said， "It seems dredging a piece of my flesh to tear down a tower and a layer of my skin is to be peeled off to strip bricks of outer city." But ancient walls of Beijing did not gain a firm foothold in his call to pass on to our posterity.
In a survey by a reporter， speaking of the above experience of Liang Sicheng， most people expressed no more than admiration. "What can I do？" Ms. Yue from a state-owned enterprise in Beijing， said that compared with behaviors of the government， individuals are helpless. As for the act of graffiti and lettering on cultural heritage she witnessed， she stressed， "I hate despicable acts， but I will not stop them， only thinking negatively of such uncivilized persons in my mind." When asked by the reporter why not， she replied， "It's difficult to deal with those no-quality people； what's more， a lot of people fail to stop them either."
中国建筑大师梁思成曾为保护北京古城墙奔走呼号，他说“拆掉一座城楼，像挖去我一块肉；剥去了外城的城砖，像剥去我一层皮。”但是，北京的古城墙并没有在他的呼号中站稳脚跟，留给后世。
在记者的调查中，提及梁思成的这段经历，大部分人在感慨敬佩之余并没有更多的表示。“我能做什么？”来自北京某国企的岳女士表示，在政府行为面前个体是无能为力的。而对于亲眼目睹文化遗产上涂鸦刻字的行为，她强调，“我很鄙夷这种行为，但是不会上前制止，只会心里觉得这样的人没有素质。”当记者追问为何不上前制止时，她答道：“与没有素质的人根本理论不清，况且好多人也没有上前制止。”
At the same time， Mr Zhang from a foreign-funded company in Guangzhou said， "If I see behaviors of graffiti and lettering on relics， I will shoot down with my camera and upload to micro-blog so that the doer will be criticized by more people." As for why not to come forward for a timely stop， Zhang shook his head and said，" No one will do so， and I do not want to take risks. "
As a publicity slogan of Indian relics community goes， "public participation is the best guarantee". It is reported that during the annual "World Heritage Week" held in India from November 19 to 25， the relics and archaeology community will campaign vigorously to protect relics， taking it a goal to build and strengthen public consensus on protecting cultural relics and emphasizing imperative responsibility for everyone to stop relics vandalism.
与此同时，广州某外企的张先生则表示，“看到在文物上涂鸦刻字的行为，我会用相机拍下来上传到微博，让更多人谴责他。”面对记者提出“为何不及时挺身予以立即制止”的问题，张先生摇摇头，“没有人这么做，我也不想冒风险。” “人民的参与是最好的保障”，这是印度文物界对外宣传的一句口号。据悉，在印度每年的11月19至25日的“世界遗产周”期间，文物考古界会大力进行文保宣传，以树立和强化民众保护文物的共识为目标，强调制止破坏文物是每个人刻不容缓的责任。
Danger of standing by
冷眼旁观的危害
Professor Xu Shenjian， dean of practice teaching and research division of Law school in China University of Political Science and Law， said with a quotation of Western proverb， "'With regard to human evil， only a small part is governed by law and the rest is ruled by God'. The part here governed by God actually refers to moral restraint on humankind， which needs conscious abiding by people. "
In accordance with the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics， a fine in the amount of less than 200 yuan shall be imposed on graffiti on relics. As a matter of fact， some people tend to go without being held accountable for graffiti acts in scenic spots due to difficulty in tracing. Cultural heritage management authorities concerned also express that owing to numerous tourists， coupled with a large area of management and limited monitoring force， it is hard to keep an eye on everything. Allowing this， it's incumbent upon each and every tourist to supervise one another. However， the current mechanism of mutual supervision is relatively weak， as a result， protection of cultural heritage is not optimistic.
中国政法大学法学院实践教学教研室主任许身健教表示，“西方有句谚语：‘关于人性恶的那部分，法律管的只是很小的一部分，其他部分，由上帝管。’这里所谓上帝管的那部分，其实是指对人的道德约束，这部分需要人们的自觉遵守。”
根据《中华人民共和国文物保护法实施条例》，在文物上乱涂乱画，罚款数额为200元以下。实际上，有些由于无法追查，在景区乱涂乱画者并没有受到任何追责。相关文化遗产管理部门也表示，游客数量众多，加之管理面积较大，监控力量有限，很难面面俱到。对此，每个游客的监督就显得义不容辞。但当前，相互监督的机制较为薄弱，文化遗产保护现状不容乐观。
Long Yingtai， Taiwan celebrity and public intellectual called earlier in 1984， "In the current social order， it's not sufficient to require ourselves free of evil things， it also requires us to stop others from doing harm and bring benefits to oneself. It's merely fulfilling a half of your responsibility not to do evil， and the other half lies in not indulging and tolerating others to undermine the social order."
台湾著名文化人及公共知识分子龙应台1984年即大声疾呼，“这个社会秩序不仅只要求我们自己不去做害人利己的事，还要求我们制止别人做害人利己的事。你自己不做恶事才只尽了一半的责任，另一半的责任是，你不能姑息、容忍别人来破坏这个社会秩序。”
虽然上文提到的“丁某某”之辈，在新闻曝光后都受到了来自舆论的谴责，但后续类似事件仍时有发生。让人愤慨的同时，我们不禁想问，为何屡屡会有人控制不住自己“发痒的手”？在新闻曝光前，那些目睹丑行的其他公众又在做什么？又该怎样切实有效保护这些珍贵的文化遗产？
A pity of reality
现实的遗憾
"The destruction of heritage in China goes through two stages." "He Sanwei， Senior Commentator from Southern People Weekly sharply pointed out， with 60 years as a limit， the first 30 years is the first phase when ideology is a killer of relics. "With no economic benefit， people used to be starved so badly that they hit temples， statues， tombs， houses and other old items and tried not to miss out on any stuff they saw." The destruction of cultural heritage is fatal at that period.
While the later three decades is the second phase. "The time of period gives top priority to economic development， therefore， all cultural heritage and culture have to make way for economy. People pull no punch in their demolishing thousands of years of historical sites. However， one day during their demolition， they suddenly realize that relics can contribute to tourism which can make money." He said regretfully that， "At present， the remaining relics are suffering from challenges of 'protection' and tourism. "
In this regard， Shan Jixiang， Director of the National Palace Museum which is the only one in the world receiving as many as ten million tourists， admits that limited security forces， unsustainable force and intensity of governance， as well as unbridled rising numbers of visitors are severely affecting the preservation of cultural heritage， and this is a thing National Palace Museum is not able to completely cope with on its own.
“在中国，对文物的破坏经历了两个阶段。”《南方人物周刊》资深评论员何三畏一针见血指出。他表示，以六十年为限，前三十年为第一阶段。其中，意识形态成为文物的杀手。“没有任何经济利益，人们曾经饿着肚子，见旧东西就砸，寺庙，神像，古墓，旧房等等，能不放过就不放过。”那段历史对文化遗产的破坏是致命的。
后三十年为第二个阶段。“后三十年是以发展经济为硬道理，所有的文物和文化都得给经济让路，拆毁千百年的历史遗迹，绝不手软。但拆到某一天，突然发现文物可以帮助旅游，旅游可以赚钱。”他遗憾地指出，“当前，最后的文物正在经受着‘保护’和旅游的挑战。”
对此，作为世界上唯一一座接待观众量超一千万的博物馆，故宫博物院院长单霁翔更坦承，由于治安力量有限，治理力量和力度难以持续，无限制攀升的游客数量，严重影响文化遗产保护，而且故宫博物院通过自身努力无法彻底解决。
Japan is no exception. The protection of cultural heritage also compromises because of actual situations. Initially， local residents hesitated and were conflicting as to apply to list Mount Fuji among the world heritage. Yet a previous public survey showed that 56.6% of respondents were for including Mount Fuji among the World Heritage List， which is not as high as expected. Some experts made clear the adverse effects： "The pursuit of economic interests will inevitably lead to expanding tourists in scenic spots， while unsound supporting management will result in accelerated destruction of cultural heritage in the context of a surge in the crowd". In fact， after being included in the World Heritage List， people visiting Mount Fuji have substantially outnumbered， which does have brought considerable pressure on local ecological environment. 无独有偶，在日本，文化遗产的保护也因着现实的情况出现了妥协。最初，当地民众对富士山申遗的态度犹豫并矛盾。此前的民众调查显示56.6%的受访者支持富士山被列入世界遗产名录，该比例并没有想象中高。“对经济利益的追逐必然会引发景区游客量的膨胀，而配套管理的不完善在激增的人群面前，又会带来文化遗产的加速破坏”，有专家明确指出其中的不利影响。事实上，申遗成功后富士山登山人数大量增加，确实给当地生态环境带来了不小的压力。
Existence of the majority of the silent
沉默大多数的存在
Liang Sicheng， a Chinese architect master， who once campaigned to protect the ancient city wall of Beijing， said， "It seems dredging a piece of my flesh to tear down a tower and a layer of my skin is to be peeled off to strip bricks of outer city." But ancient walls of Beijing did not gain a firm foothold in his call to pass on to our posterity.
In a survey by a reporter， speaking of the above experience of Liang Sicheng， most people expressed no more than admiration. "What can I do？" Ms. Yue from a state-owned enterprise in Beijing， said that compared with behaviors of the government， individuals are helpless. As for the act of graffiti and lettering on cultural heritage she witnessed， she stressed， "I hate despicable acts， but I will not stop them， only thinking negatively of such uncivilized persons in my mind." When asked by the reporter why not， she replied， "It's difficult to deal with those no-quality people； what's more， a lot of people fail to stop them either."
中国建筑大师梁思成曾为保护北京古城墙奔走呼号，他说“拆掉一座城楼，像挖去我一块肉；剥去了外城的城砖，像剥去我一层皮。”但是，北京的古城墙并没有在他的呼号中站稳脚跟，留给后世。
在记者的调查中，提及梁思成的这段经历，大部分人在感慨敬佩之余并没有更多的表示。“我能做什么？”来自北京某国企的岳女士表示，在政府行为面前个体是无能为力的。而对于亲眼目睹文化遗产上涂鸦刻字的行为，她强调，“我很鄙夷这种行为，但是不会上前制止，只会心里觉得这样的人没有素质。”当记者追问为何不上前制止时，她答道：“与没有素质的人根本理论不清，况且好多人也没有上前制止。”
At the same time， Mr Zhang from a foreign-funded company in Guangzhou said， "If I see behaviors of graffiti and lettering on relics， I will shoot down with my camera and upload to micro-blog so that the doer will be criticized by more people." As for why not to come forward for a timely stop， Zhang shook his head and said，" No one will do so， and I do not want to take risks. "
As a publicity slogan of Indian relics community goes， "public participation is the best guarantee". It is reported that during the annual "World Heritage Week" held in India from November 19 to 25， the relics and archaeology community will campaign vigorously to protect relics， taking it a goal to build and strengthen public consensus on protecting cultural relics and emphasizing imperative responsibility for everyone to stop relics vandalism.
与此同时，广州某外企的张先生则表示，“看到在文物上涂鸦刻字的行为，我会用相机拍下来上传到微博，让更多人谴责他。”面对记者提出“为何不及时挺身予以立即制止”的问题，张先生摇摇头，“没有人这么做，我也不想冒风险。” “人民的参与是最好的保障”，这是印度文物界对外宣传的一句口号。据悉，在印度每年的11月19至25日的“世界遗产周”期间，文物考古界会大力进行文保宣传，以树立和强化民众保护文物的共识为目标，强调制止破坏文物是每个人刻不容缓的责任。
Danger of standing by
冷眼旁观的危害
Professor Xu Shenjian， dean of practice teaching and research division of Law school in China University of Political Science and Law， said with a quotation of Western proverb， "'With regard to human evil， only a small part is governed by law and the rest is ruled by God'. The part here governed by God actually refers to moral restraint on humankind， which needs conscious abiding by people. "
In accordance with the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics， a fine in the amount of less than 200 yuan shall be imposed on graffiti on relics. As a matter of fact， some people tend to go without being held accountable for graffiti acts in scenic spots due to difficulty in tracing. Cultural heritage management authorities concerned also express that owing to numerous tourists， coupled with a large area of management and limited monitoring force， it is hard to keep an eye on everything. Allowing this， it's incumbent upon each and every tourist to supervise one another. However， the current mechanism of mutual supervision is relatively weak， as a result， protection of cultural heritage is not optimistic.
中国政法大学法学院实践教学教研室主任许身健教表示，“西方有句谚语：‘关于人性恶的那部分，法律管的只是很小的一部分，其他部分，由上帝管。’这里所谓上帝管的那部分，其实是指对人的道德约束，这部分需要人们的自觉遵守。”
根据《中华人民共和国文物保护法实施条例》，在文物上乱涂乱画，罚款数额为200元以下。实际上，有些由于无法追查，在景区乱涂乱画者并没有受到任何追责。相关文化遗产管理部门也表示，游客数量众多，加之管理面积较大，监控力量有限，很难面面俱到。对此，每个游客的监督就显得义不容辞。但当前，相互监督的机制较为薄弱，文化遗产保护现状不容乐观。
Long Yingtai， Taiwan celebrity and public intellectual called earlier in 1984， "In the current social order， it's not sufficient to require ourselves free of evil things， it also requires us to stop others from doing harm and bring benefits to oneself. It's merely fulfilling a half of your responsibility not to do evil， and the other half lies in not indulging and tolerating others to undermine the social order."
台湾著名文化人及公共知识分子龙应台1984年即大声疾呼，“这个社会秩序不仅只要求我们自己不去做害人利己的事，还要求我们制止别人做害人利己的事。你自己不做恶事才只尽了一半的责任，另一半的责任是，你不能姑息、容忍别人来破坏这个社会秩序。”