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光敏色素是一类红光/远红光受体,它们在植物体内有非活性形式的红光吸收型(Pr)和活性形式远红光吸收型(Pfr)2种状态,通常其活性形式负责调控植物的种子萌发、株高、开花时间和避荫性等生长发育过程。在禾本科中,光敏色素只有PHYA、PHYB和PHYC三个基因亚家族,古四倍体化造成的玉米光敏色素基因有6个成员,即PHYA1、PHYA2、PHYB1、PHYB2、PHYC1和PHYC2。光敏色素A参与抑制下胚轴的伸长、促进张开子叶和花青素的积累、阻断持续远红光条件下的变绿。为了评价Zm PHYA1和Zm PHYA2对光的响应能力及其功能差异,本研究采用实时定量PCR技术分析玉米自交系B73和Mo17中Zm PHYA1和Zm PHYA2对不同光照处理响应的表达模式。结果表明玉米光敏色素A主要在叶片和花丝中表达,并且Zm PHYA1转录丰度是Zm PHYA2的2~8倍;玉米自交系B73和Mo17中胚轴在黑暗、远红光和蓝光条件下较红光和白光下更长。Zm PHYA1和Zm PHYA2的转录水平在持续远红光和蓝光条件下均较高;并且均较迅速响应黑暗到远红光和蓝光光质转换,但是前者的丰度显著高于后者,Zm PHYA1在远红光下更重要,而Zm PHYA2在蓝光下更重要。Zm PHYA1和Zm PHYA2同样响应于黑暗到红光和白光的转换,并且Zm PHYA1和Zm PHYA2表达模式基本一致。Zm PHYA1和Zm PHYA2的表达均能响应长日照和短日照处理,但是Zm PHYA1转录丰度高于Zm PHYA2的2~5倍。以上结果表明,Zm PHYA1和Zm PHYA2的转录能有效地响应各种光处理,可能Zm PHYA1在作物改良上比Zm PHYA2更有效。本研究为进一步了解Zm PHYA1和Zm PHYA2基因功能以及评价二者的光反应能力提供了理论基础。
Phytochromes are a class of red / far red light receptors that have two forms of inactive forms of red light absorption (Pr) and active form far red light absorption (Pfr) in the plant, usually responsible for their active form Regulation of plant seed germination, plant height, flowering time and shade and other growth and development process. In Poaceae, the phytochromes have only three subfamilies of PHYA, PHYB and PHYC. The paleotetraploidized maize phytochrome has 6 members, PHYA1, PHYA2, PHYB1, PHYB2, PHYC1 and PHYC2. Phytochrome A is involved in inhibiting the elongation of hypocotyls, promoting the accumulation of open cotyledons and anthocyanins, blocking the greening of the conditions under continued far-red light. In order to evaluate the ability of Zm PHYA1 and Zm PHYA2 to respond to light and their functional differences, real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of Zm PHYA1 and Zm PHYA2 in different light treatments in maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17. The results showed that maize phototoxin A was mainly expressed in leaves and filaments, and the transcriptional level of Zm PHYA1 was 2-8 times that of Zm PHYA2. The maize hypocotyls of B73 and Mo17 in the dark, far red and blue light Longer in red and white light. The transcriptional levels of Zm PHYA1 and Zm PHYA2 were higher under the condition of far-red light and blue light, and all responded more quickly to the conversion of dark to far red light and blue light, but the abundance of Zm PHYA1 and Zm PHYA2 was significantly higher than that of Zm PHYA1 Under far-red light is more important, while Zm PHYA2 is more important under blue light. Zm PHYA1 and Zm PHYA2 also respond to dark-to-red and white light conversions, and the Zm PHYA1 and Zm PHYA2 expression patterns are substantially the same. The expression of Zm PHYA1 and Zm PHYA2 all responded to long-day and short-day treatments, but the transcriptional level of Zm PHYA1 was 2 to 5 times higher than that of Zm PHYA2. The above results indicate that transcription of Zm PHYA1 and Zm PHYA2 efficiently respond to various light treatments and that Zm PHYA1 may be more effective than Zm PHYA2 on crop improvement. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the function of Zm PHYA1 and Zm PHYA2 genes and evaluating their photoreactivities.