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目的了解武陵山区土家族、苗族青少年吸烟、饮酒、玩电子游戏和网络成瘾等行为现状,探讨其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法分层随机整群抽取2 094名土家族和苗族青少年,对其吸烟、饮酒、玩电子游戏和网络成瘾等行为进行问卷调查。结果土家族、苗族青少年尝试吸烟、≤13岁吸烟、曾饮过酒、≤13岁饮酒、玩电子游戏成瘾、网络成瘾报告率分别为44.94%、29.04%、66.62%、27.41%、14.23%、5.25%,男生各种成瘾行为报告率均高于女生(P<0.01);苗族学生是吸烟、饮酒行为的高发人群,土家族学生过早饮酒情况较为严重;logistic回归结果显示,吸烟的危险因素为男生(OR=7.007,P=0.000)、饮酒(OR=4.053,P=0.000)、失眠(OR=2.383,P=0.000)、打架(OR=2.411,P=0.000)、玩电子游戏成瘾(OR=2.296,P=0.000),保护因素为学习成绩(OR=0.441,P=0.000);饮酒的危险因素为男生(OR=1.929,P=0.000)、吸烟(OR=3.857,P=0.000)、孤独(OR=1.993,P=0.001)、失眠(OR=1.825,P=0.002)、打架(OR=1.726,P=0.000)、玩电子游戏成瘾(OR=1.620,P=0.001);玩电子游戏成瘾的危险因素为男生(OR=1.378,P=0.030)、父亲学历(OR=2.143,P=0.002)、抑郁(OR=2.184,P=0.000)、网络成瘾(OR=26.538,P=0.000)、打架(OR=1.598,P=0.002);保护因素为住校(OR=0.564,P=0.000)。网络成瘾的危险因素为男生(OR=2.626,P=0.000)、抑郁(OR=1.895,P=0.014)、上网以玩游戏为主(OR=2.507,P=0.002)、玩电子游戏成瘾(OR=20.871,P=0.000)。结论武陵山区土家族、苗族青少年成瘾行为不容乐观,男生较女生更易发生成瘾行为。各种成瘾行为之间相互影响、相互作用,失眠以及孤独、抑郁等不良情绪是成瘾行为的危险因素。
Objective To understand the current status of Tujia and Miao adolescents in smoking, alcohol drinking, playing video games and Internet addiction in Wuling Mountainous Areas, discuss the influencing factors and provide the basis for the formulation of intervention measures. Methods A total of 2 094 Tujia and Miao adolescents were randomly stratified and stratified by random stratification. Questionnaires were conducted on behaviors such as smoking, drinking, playing video games and internet addiction. Results Adolescents from Tujia and Miao tried smoke, smoking ≤13 years, drinking alcohol, drinking ≤13 and playing video game addiction. The reported rates of Internet addiction were 44.94%, 29.04%, 66.62%, 27.41%, 14.23 %, 5.25%. The reported rates of various addictive behaviors among boys were higher than those of girls (P <0.01). Miao students were high risk of smoking and drinking behavior, and Tujia students premature drinking was more serious. Logistic regression showed that smoking (OR = 4.53, P = 0.000), alcohol consumption (OR = 4.053, P = 0.000), insomnia (OR = 2.383, P = 0.000) (OR = 2.296, P = 0.000). The protective factors were academic achievement (OR = 0.441, P = 0.000). The risk factors for drinking alcohol were boys (OR = 1.929, P = 0.000) (OR = 1.626, P = 0.000), lonely (OR = 1.993, P = 0.001), insomnia (OR = 1.825, P = 0.002) (OR = 2.143, P = 0.002), depression (OR = 2.184, P = 0.000), internet addiction (OR = OR = 26.538, P = 0.000), fighting (OR = 1.598, P = 0.002); protective factors Boarding (OR = 0.564, P = 0.000). The risk factors for internet addiction were boys (OR = 2.626, P = 0.000) and depression (OR = 1.895, P = 0.014). The majority of online games played games (OR = 2.507, P = 0.002) (OR = 20.871, P = 0.000). Conclusion Adolescents in Tujia and Miao nationalities in Wuling Mountain area are not optimistic about addiction and boys are more prone to addiction than girls. Various addictive behaviors affect each other, interaction, insomnia and loneliness, depression and other negative emotions are addictive behavior risk factors.