文化的研究总是与社会历史联系在一起,涉及社会历史的各个方面,这就十分需要形成文化在社会历史中的地位和作用的总体认识。文化与历史有意识地思考和研究自身的历史,是人类的特点。人离开狭义的动物愈远,就愈是有意识地自己创造自己的历史。人类对自身历史的关注,直到上个世纪以前,都未明确地与文化联系在一起。中国的《说文》解,“历”是过去的意思;“史”是记事的意思,“史”中所记,主要是当时发生的事情。只是由于这些成文史留传下来了,在后人看来,所记的是过去的事,才将其称为“历史”。希腊语中的“历史”一词,本来是指通过调查访问目击者而记录所发生的事情。欧洲中世纪的“编年史”,记录的也是当时发生的重要事件。赋 The study of culture is always associated with social history and involves all aspects of social history. Therefore, it is highly necessary to form a general understanding of the status and role of culture in social history. Culture and history Consciously thinking about and studying its own history is a human characteristic. The farther away from a narrowly defined animal, the more consciously it creates its own history. Human attention to our own history was not explicitly linked to culture until the last century ago. China’s “Shuo Wen” solution, “Calendar” is the past meaning; “History” is the meaning of notes, “History” in mind, mainly what happened at that time. It is only because these written history has been passed down that, in the view of future generations, what is written is the past, before it is called “history.” The term “history” in Greek was originally meant to record what happened by investigating eyewitnesses. The “Chronicles” of the Middle Ages in Europe recorded important events that occurred at the time. Fu