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微RNA（ microRNA）为生物体内内源性小分子 RNA，由约22个单核苷酸的非编码单链RNA 分子构成。 microRNA参加生物体内多种生物学功能，包括转录调节、能量代谢、生长发育、繁殖及相关病例生理过程。 microRNA是生物（包括人）体内重要的生物调节小分子，在体内行使多种生物学功能。近年来研究显示，microRNA 在眼科疾病中同样发挥重要作用。因此，随着 microRNA 及眼科相关疾病的研究逐步深入，micorRNA有望成为眼科相关疾病的诊断与治疗开辟新的领域。“,”MicroRNA(miRNA) is a kind of endogenous small RNAs in organisms,consisting of about 22 nucleotides around noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules.It has been revealed that miRNA involves in a variety of biological functions,including transcriptional regulation,energy metabolism,growth,reproduc-tion and related cases of physiological processes.MiRNA is an important small molecule in biological organ-isms(including human),acting on a variety of biological functions.Recent studies have shown it also plays an important role in eye diseases.Therefore,as the study on miRNA and eye disease develops,miRNA may bring new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.