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绝大多数铁路企业的规模经济是通过相互交换运量形成的,相互交换运量又需要通过一定的组织形式来实现。问题的关键是采取何种组织形式,才能将所耗费的总的组织成本降到最低,从而使得规模经济的净收益最大,这又涉及到铁路企业的合理边界问题。本文从规模经济与组织成本相结合的视角,研究了两种情况下的铁路企业边界问题,得出了一些对于铁路重组和改革具有启发意义的结论。
The vast majority of railway enterprises’ economies of scale are formed through mutual exchange of traffic, and the exchange of traffic between them needs to be realized through certain forms of organization. The crux of the matter is what form of organization it takes to minimize the total cost of organizing it, thus maximizing the net benefits of economies of scale, which in turn involves the issue of the rational boundaries of railway enterprises. From the perspective of the combination of economies of scale and organizational costs, this paper studies the boundary problems of railway enterprises in two situations and draws some conclusions that are instructive for railway restructuring and reform.