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目的分析我国居民甲状腺结节流行病学特征,探讨甲状腺结节的影响因素。方法检索中国期刊全文数据库,收集2010年1月1日至2016年1月1日发表的关于体检人群甲状腺结节的文献,运用meta分析的方法综合估算我国居民的甲状腺结节检出率及其95%可信区间(CI);并运用卡方检验及趋势分析对甲状腺结节检出率的地区、性别、年龄、职业、时间分布特征进行分析。结果经meta分析,我国居民甲状腺结节的平均患病率为32.4%(95%CI:30.1%~34.8%),2008—2014年甲状腺结节检出率呈增长趋势(Z=-13.306,P<0.001);脑力劳动者甲状腺结节检出率高于体力劳动者(P=0.02),甲状腺结节检出率存在性别差异,女性大于男性,且随年龄增加而升高(Z=-97.429 1,P<0.001),但未见地区差异(P>0.05)。结论我国居民甲状腺结节患病率近5年呈增高趋势,可能与环境(职业)因素有关。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules in our country and to explore the influencing factors of thyroid nodules. Methods The full-text database of Chinese journals was searched and the literature on thyroid nodules published from January 1, 2010 to January 1, 2016 was collected. The meta-analysis was used to estimate the detection rate of thyroid nodules 95% confidence interval (CI). The chi-square test and trend analysis were used to analyze the regional, sex, age, occupation and time distribution of the detection rate of thyroid nodules. Results The meta-analysis showed that the average prevalence of thyroid nodules in our country was 32.4% (95% CI: 30.1% -34.8%). The detection rate of thyroid nodules showed an increasing trend from 2008 to 2014 (Z = -13.306, P <0.001). The detection rate of thyroid nodules in mental workers was higher than that of manual workers (P = 0.02). The detection rate of thyroid nodules had gender differences, the female was higher than the male, and increased with age (Z = -97.429 1, P <0.001), but no regional differences (P> 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules in our country tended to increase in recent 5 years, which may be related to environmental (occupational) factors.