Objective:To investigate the effects of Kangquan Recipe(康泉方,KQR)on sex steroids and cell proliferation in an experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)model in rats.Methods:Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into six groups:the normal group,the model group,the finasteride group,and the low-, middle-,and high-dose KQR groups,12 in each group.Except those in the normal group,the rats were injected with testosterone after castration for the establishment of BPH model and then given respectively with normal saline,finasteride,and low-,middle-,and high-dose of KQR for 30 days.The levels of plasma testosterone(T) and estradiol(E_2)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in prostate tissue was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)after administration.Results:Compared with the model group,the prostate weight,the plasma T,and the mRNA expression of PCNA were significantly lower,and the plasma E_2 and the ratio of E_2/T were higher in the three KQR groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the prostate weight,plasma T and E_2,and ratio of E_2/T among the finasteride group and the three KQR groups(P>0.05).The mRNA expressions of PCNA were significantly higher in the middle-and low-dose of KQR groups than those in the finasteride group(P<0.05).Conclusion:KQR shows multitarget effects on experimental BPH rats,and the mechanism might be related with regulating the balance of plasma T and E_2 and decreasing the PCNAmRNA expression in prostate tissue to restrain cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Objective: To investigate the effects of Kangquan Recipe (KQR) on sex steroids and cell proliferation in an experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) model in rats. Methods: Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: the normal group, the model group, the finasteride group, and the low-, middle-, and high-dose KQR groups, 12 in each group. Except those in the normal group, the rats were injected with testosterone after castration for the establishment of BPH model and then given respectively normal saline, finasteride, and low-, middle-, and high-dose of KQR for 30 days.The levels of plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol (E_2) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in prostate tissue was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after administration. Results: Compared with the model group, the prostate weight, the plasma T, and the mRNA expression of PCNA were sign ificantly lower, and the plasma E_2 and the ratio of E_2 / T were higher in the three KQR groups (P <0.05 or P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the prostate weight, plasma T and E_2, and ratio of E_2 / T among the finasteride group and the three KQR groups (P> 0.05). The mRNA expressions of PCNA were significantly higher in the middle-and low-dose of KQR groups than those in the finasteride group KQR shows multitarget effects on experimental BPH rats, and the mechanism might be related with regulating the balance of plasma T and E_2 and decreasing the PCNA mRNA expression in prostate tissue to restrain cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.