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考点揭密
从2007年广东高考英语考试说明的样题和高考题来看,语法填空对动词时态和语态的考查有以下两个特点:
其一,对动词时态和语态的考查一般会用括号给出动词原形,而不会让考生根据上下文来确定具体填哪个动词。
其二,只考查一般现在时或一般过去时。从这两份题中,我们不难发现,命题人设计所有空格都只填一个英语单词,由于这种局限性,被动语态不方便考查,且时态也只能考查一般现在时或一般过去时,且多为一般过去时。也就是说,只要判断是谓语动词,答案就很可能是其过去式,这样就由原来选择题的四个答案变成了一个答案,变得更加容易。
不管2008年怎样考,我们都必须熟练掌握考纲中规定的10种时态的用法和构成(详见附录)。掌握常用的被动语态,如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。
解题技巧
解答这类试题,需考虑以下两点:
首先,要根据句子结构,确定是否为做谓语的动词。
英语中的句子一般都应有谓语动词,谓语在主语之后。若句子还没有谓语,需填的动词才是谓语动词;若已有谓语动词,就可能是非谓语动词。下列两道是2007年广东高考题,请判断括号中的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
The sun was setting when my car____31______(break) down near a remote village.
While she was getting me______34______(settle) into a tiny but clean room...
分析:
第31题,在when从句中,my car是主语,其后应为谓语;再说,when从句中没有其它动词,因此,break肯定是谓语动词。
第34题,在while从句中,主语she后已有谓语was getting了,且没有表明是并列谓语的连词,因此,settle就是非谓语动词。
其次,根据上下语境,确定动词时态、语态及构成形式。如第31题,主语my car与谓语break down(坏了)是主动关系,用主动语态;又因was/were doing when...did... (正在做某事时,突然发生另一事)是一固定句型,break用一般过去时,故填broke。
其三,分析时态时,需注意一些固定句型中的较为固定的时态。如:
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we shall have a picnic. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去野餐。
Work hard, and you will make progress. 努力学习,你就会取得进步。
I was walking along the stream, when I met my teacher of English. 当我沿着小溪散步时遇到了英语老师。
This is the most wonderful film I have ever seen. 这是我看到过的最好的电影。
No sooner had I come back home than it began to rain. 我一回家就下起雨来了。
He has worked in the factory since he graduated in 1970.自从他1970年毕业以来,一直在这家工厂工作。
He told me he had graduated from middle school two years before. 他告诉我他两年前就中学毕业了。
The boy said he would do anything for his own country. 那男孩说他为自己的祖国愿做任何事情。
考点预测
笔者认为,试题的难度是逐步加深的,2008年的高考语法填空题不可能一下考得太难,最多会出现一个空填两个单词的现象。这样可能考查的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。由于一般将来时的表达方式太多,可能不会考查,即使考,也可能是在时间状语从句或者条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,或者只能用will表示将来时的某些特定句型。若考查被动语态,就很可能是考查一般现在时或者一般过去时的被动语态。
即时练习
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(以动词时态为主)
(1)
____1__ (look) at the picture, please! W can see that the doctor and nurses____ 2____(operate)on the eyes of the patient. As we know, when people are ill,
____ 3____ go to the doctor. Sometimes the doctor______4____(give) them medicines, and these often help.____5____, when medicines can not solve the problem, the doctor must find____ 6______ answer. An operation may be necessary. Doctors do not perform operations; surgeons do.
For years, surgeons______7____(perform) many different kinds of operations, and have saved the lives of millions of patients. In recent years, operations have become much safer than they______ 8____ (be) in the past. This is______9__ (part) because doctors and surgeons have learned____ 10______ about hygiene, and because conditions in hospital have become better.
(2)
The other day, while I____1____(shop)in the store, I____2__ (meet) Li Ying, an old friend of______3______. We______4__ (not see) each other for a long time, since we left school; we were overjoyed______5__ (see) each other. Li Ying said he had been working in a factory since____6__(graduate). He also told me that he____7____(come)to our town for a meeting and was staying in
____ 8____ hotel near, and he asked me to go and see him. I said I____ 9______(go)as soon as I____ 10____ (have) time.
附录:考纲规定的十种时态的主要用法及构成
答案与解析:
(1)
1. Look__祈使句以动词原形开头。
2. are operating__由前句可知,叫对方看的一定是正在发生的事,故用现在进行时。
3. they__代替前面的people。
4. gives 指通常的情况,用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词要加s。
5. However__因“给病人吃药往往有效”与“药不能解决问题”是转折关系;又因前后都有标点,用副词however。
6. another__既然药不能解决问题,医生就得寻找“别的”办法,单数可数名词answer前,应当用相当于an和other的another。
7. have performed__与for years连用,用现在完成时。
8. were__由in the past可知,用一般过去时。
9. partly__修饰because从句作状语,用副词形式。
10. more__因为现在的外科医生比以前了解得“更多”了。根据前面的safer与后面的better也可得到启示。
(2)
1. was shopping__表示几天前在商店正在买东西的过程中。
2. met__几天前遇到,用一般过去时。
3. mine 因“of 名词性物主代词”放在名词后作定语是一固定说法,an old friend of mine = one of my old friends。
4. hadn’t seen__表示从过去某一时刻(我们毕业)开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间(几天前遇见),要用过去完成时。
5. to see 因句中已有谓语were overjoyed,因此see应为非谓语动词,在情感形容词后表示原因只能用动词不定式作状语。
6. graduation__在介词since后应用名词形式。
7. had come__他是在“告诉”我之前来的,即过去的过去,用过去完成时。
8. a__指住在附近的“一个”宾馆里,表示“一个”用不定冠词。
9. would go__相对我“说”的那个时候将要发生的事,“说”是过去,go就用过去将来时。
10. had__在时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
责任编校 蒋小青
从2007年广东高考英语考试说明的样题和高考题来看,语法填空对动词时态和语态的考查有以下两个特点:
其一,对动词时态和语态的考查一般会用括号给出动词原形,而不会让考生根据上下文来确定具体填哪个动词。
其二,只考查一般现在时或一般过去时。从这两份题中,我们不难发现,命题人设计所有空格都只填一个英语单词,由于这种局限性,被动语态不方便考查,且时态也只能考查一般现在时或一般过去时,且多为一般过去时。也就是说,只要判断是谓语动词,答案就很可能是其过去式,这样就由原来选择题的四个答案变成了一个答案,变得更加容易。
不管2008年怎样考,我们都必须熟练掌握考纲中规定的10种时态的用法和构成(详见附录)。掌握常用的被动语态,如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。
解题技巧
解答这类试题,需考虑以下两点:
首先,要根据句子结构,确定是否为做谓语的动词。
英语中的句子一般都应有谓语动词,谓语在主语之后。若句子还没有谓语,需填的动词才是谓语动词;若已有谓语动词,就可能是非谓语动词。下列两道是2007年广东高考题,请判断括号中的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
The sun was setting when my car____31______(break) down near a remote village.
While she was getting me______34______(settle) into a tiny but clean room...
分析:
第31题,在when从句中,my car是主语,其后应为谓语;再说,when从句中没有其它动词,因此,break肯定是谓语动词。
第34题,在while从句中,主语she后已有谓语was getting了,且没有表明是并列谓语的连词,因此,settle就是非谓语动词。
其次,根据上下语境,确定动词时态、语态及构成形式。如第31题,主语my car与谓语break down(坏了)是主动关系,用主动语态;又因was/were doing when...did... (正在做某事时,突然发生另一事)是一固定句型,break用一般过去时,故填broke。
其三,分析时态时,需注意一些固定句型中的较为固定的时态。如:
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we shall have a picnic. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去野餐。
Work hard, and you will make progress. 努力学习,你就会取得进步。
I was walking along the stream, when I met my teacher of English. 当我沿着小溪散步时遇到了英语老师。
This is the most wonderful film I have ever seen. 这是我看到过的最好的电影。
No sooner had I come back home than it began to rain. 我一回家就下起雨来了。
He has worked in the factory since he graduated in 1970.自从他1970年毕业以来,一直在这家工厂工作。
He told me he had graduated from middle school two years before. 他告诉我他两年前就中学毕业了。
The boy said he would do anything for his own country. 那男孩说他为自己的祖国愿做任何事情。
考点预测
笔者认为,试题的难度是逐步加深的,2008年的高考语法填空题不可能一下考得太难,最多会出现一个空填两个单词的现象。这样可能考查的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。由于一般将来时的表达方式太多,可能不会考查,即使考,也可能是在时间状语从句或者条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,或者只能用will表示将来时的某些特定句型。若考查被动语态,就很可能是考查一般现在时或者一般过去时的被动语态。
即时练习
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(以动词时态为主)
(1)
____1__ (look) at the picture, please! W can see that the doctor and nurses____ 2____(operate)on the eyes of the patient. As we know, when people are ill,
____ 3____ go to the doctor. Sometimes the doctor______4____(give) them medicines, and these often help.____5____, when medicines can not solve the problem, the doctor must find____ 6______ answer. An operation may be necessary. Doctors do not perform operations; surgeons do.
For years, surgeons______7____(perform) many different kinds of operations, and have saved the lives of millions of patients. In recent years, operations have become much safer than they______ 8____ (be) in the past. This is______9__ (part) because doctors and surgeons have learned____ 10______ about hygiene, and because conditions in hospital have become better.
(2)
The other day, while I____1____(shop)in the store, I____2__ (meet) Li Ying, an old friend of______3______. We______4__ (not see) each other for a long time, since we left school; we were overjoyed______5__ (see) each other. Li Ying said he had been working in a factory since____6__(graduate). He also told me that he____7____(come)to our town for a meeting and was staying in
____ 8____ hotel near, and he asked me to go and see him. I said I____ 9______(go)as soon as I____ 10____ (have) time.
附录:考纲规定的十种时态的主要用法及构成
![](http://img1.qikan.com/qkimages/gdjz/gdjz200801/gdjz20080126-1-l.jpg)
![](http://img1.qikan.com/qkimages/gdjz/gdjz200801/gdjz20080126-2-l.jpg)
答案与解析:
(1)
1. Look__祈使句以动词原形开头。
2. are operating__由前句可知,叫对方看的一定是正在发生的事,故用现在进行时。
3. they__代替前面的people。
4. gives 指通常的情况,用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词要加s。
5. However__因“给病人吃药往往有效”与“药不能解决问题”是转折关系;又因前后都有标点,用副词however。
6. another__既然药不能解决问题,医生就得寻找“别的”办法,单数可数名词answer前,应当用相当于an和other的another。
7. have performed__与for years连用,用现在完成时。
8. were__由in the past可知,用一般过去时。
9. partly__修饰because从句作状语,用副词形式。
10. more__因为现在的外科医生比以前了解得“更多”了。根据前面的safer与后面的better也可得到启示。
(2)
1. was shopping__表示几天前在商店正在买东西的过程中。
2. met__几天前遇到,用一般过去时。
3. mine 因“of 名词性物主代词”放在名词后作定语是一固定说法,an old friend of mine = one of my old friends。
4. hadn’t seen__表示从过去某一时刻(我们毕业)开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间(几天前遇见),要用过去完成时。
5. to see 因句中已有谓语were overjoyed,因此see应为非谓语动词,在情感形容词后表示原因只能用动词不定式作状语。
6. graduation__在介词since后应用名词形式。
7. had come__他是在“告诉”我之前来的,即过去的过去,用过去完成时。
8. a__指住在附近的“一个”宾馆里,表示“一个”用不定冠词。
9. would go__相对我“说”的那个时候将要发生的事,“说”是过去,go就用过去将来时。
10. had__在时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
责任编校 蒋小青