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[目的]了解海口市龙华区城乡结合地段5个住宅组团的家庭饮用水种类及其微生物污染概况,分析影响家庭饮用水卫生状况的因素,并提出改进建议。[方法]利用分层随机抽样法抽取龙华区5个住宅组团家庭(A、B、C、D组团为井水集中式供水,E组团为市政二次供水),进行问卷调查并采集饮用水样(包括桶装水)。按照《生活饮用水微生物检验方法》(GB/T 5750.12—2006)对菌落总数、总大肠菌群及耐热大肠菌群进行检测,对市政二次供水和水井水参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)有关微生物限值进行评价;对桶装水参照《瓶(桶)装饮用纯净水卫生标准》(GB 17324—2003)中有关微生物限值标准进行评价;对检测结果进行相应统计分析。[结果]共检测水样292份。其中,菌落总数合格者为194份(占66.4%);市政二次供水、井水集中式供水及桶装水合格率分别为76.9%、69.7%、48.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组团饮用水合格率分别为73.7%、61.9%、81.5%、59.1%、76.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。水样总大肠菌群及耐热大肠菌群合格率分别为90.1%、92.5%。多因素非条件logistic分析显示,饮水机清洗间隔时间过长是影响桶装水微生物超标的危险因素(OR=23.515,P=0.009)。[结论]龙华区5个住宅组团中家庭饮用水微生物指标合格率较低,桶装水受微生物污染较严重,建议加强集中式供水的卫生监督,并关注桶装水卫生状况,加强其卫生监督及居民健康用水习惯的宣传普及工作。
[Objective] To understand the general situation of domestic drinking water and microbial pollution of 5 residential groups in the urban-rural integration area of Longhua District in Haikou City, analyze the factors that affect the sanitary status of domestic drinking water and propose suggestions for improvement. [Method] The stratified random sampling method was used to extract five residential groups from Longhua District (groups A, B, C and D were well water centralized water supply and E group was municipal secondary water supply). Questionnaires and samples of drinking water samples (Including bottled water). In accordance with “Microbiological test method for drinking water” (GB / T 5750.12-2006) on the total number of colonies, total coliform and heat-resistant coliforms were detected on the municipal secondary water supply and well water reference to “drinking water health standards” (GB 5749-2006) on the evaluation of microbial limits; reference to bottled water, “bottled (barrels) drinking purified water drinking water” (GB 17324-2003) in the evaluation of microbial limit values; test results corresponding Statistical Analysis. [Result] A total of 292 water samples were tested. Among them, 194 (66.4%) were eligible for the total number of colonies. The secondary water supply for municipal administration was 76.9%, 69.7% and 48.4% respectively for the well water centralized water supply and the bottled water, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The passing rate of drinking water in each group was 73.7%, 61.9%, 81.5%, 59.1% and 76.9%, respectively, with significant difference (P <0.05). The total coliform bacteria and heat-resistant coliform bacteria in water samples passed the tests in 90.1% and 92.5% respectively. Multivariate non-conditional logistic analysis showed that the long interval between drinking fountains was the risk factor of over-standard microbes in bottled water (OR = 23.515, P = 0.009). [Conclusion] The household drinking water of 5 residential groups in Longhua District had a low pass rate of microbiological indicator of drinking water and a serious contamination of bottled water by microorganisms. It is suggested to strengthen the hygiene supervision of centralized water supply, pay close attention to the condition of bottled water and strengthen the supervision of hygiene And residents of the health habits of the publicity and popularization of work.