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基于学生原始知识开展教学是教师重要的专业职责。透过蕾和晋两位小学生数学学习过程的具体案例研究,发现其原始知识的五个特点:对数学问题解法多为程序性知识;对数学问题理解仅偏重数值信息而缺乏灵活联结、转化或推论;对解题方法分类深受数学解题表征影响;对解题方法评判依赖于解法意义和解题表征结构的完全理解;对解法阅读顺序则没有思想基础。
Teaching based on students’ original knowledge is an important professional responsibility of teachers. Through the case study of mathematics learning process of Lei and Jin primary school students, we found five characteristics of the original knowledge: most of the mathematical problem solving is procedural knowledge; the understanding of mathematical problems only focuses on numerical information but lacks flexible linking, transformation or Corollary; Classification of problem solving method is deeply influenced by mathematical solution characterization; Evaluation of problem solving method relies on the full understanding of the meaning of solution and the structure of solution problem; There is no ideological foundation for the order of solution reading.