食管癌是最常见的十大恶性肿瘤之一 ,尤其多发生于中国人。是由环境因素和基因变异相互作用而致的多基因病。本文回顾了食管癌病因学研究的历程 ,并展望了其未来研究方向。 Esophageal cancer is one of the ten most common malignancies, and it occurs most often in Chinese. It is a polygenic disease caused by the interaction of environmental factors and gene mutations. This article reviews the history of the etiology of esophageal cancer and looks forward to its future research directions.