亚当·沙夫(1913—2006),波兰马克思主义哲学家,其研究领域为语言哲学、符号学、知识论以及政治经济学。沙夫关注语义学、意识形态理论、语言与现实的关系、形式逻辑以及辩证法等问题,对于解决人类个体问题的伦理学以及人道主义与马克思主义之间的关系也十分感兴趣。关于这一方面,他证实了对马克思主义解读与对马克思主义专有名词的翻译之间的联系,揭示了意识形态对翻译实践的影响。作为一位波兰哲学家,沙夫以符号学观念为参照,特别检验了当今社会政治的症候。在20世纪80年代,沙夫促成了遍及东欧与西欧各个国家的一系列会议。这些会议(的目的)是从符号学视角分析并比较《赫尔辛基最终法案/协议》(1975)的不同语言版本。为把握 Adam Schaff (1913-2006), a Polish Marxist philosopher, whose research interests are language philosophy, semiotics, epistemology and political economy. Schaaf’s focus on semantics, ideological theory, the relationship between language and reality, formal logic and dialectics are also of great interest in addressing the ethics of human individual issues and the relationship between humanitarianism and Marxism. In this regard, he confirmed the connection between interpretation of Marxism and the translation of Marxist proper nouns, and revealed the influence of ideology on translation practice. As a Polish philosopher, Schaaf used the notion of semiotics as a reference to examine in particular the symptoms of today’s social politics. In the 1980s, Schaaf facilitated a series of conferences covering all countries in Eastern and Western Europe. The purpose of these meetings was to analyze and compare the different language versions of the Helsinki Final Act / Agreement (1975) from a semiotic perspective. To grasp