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性状鉴定法是通过对药材的性状特征、颜色、质地、气味和断面特征的观察来鉴别药材。如:合欢表皮上有特异形态的皮孔,海桐皮上有钉刺,等等。现以此鉴定法,将五对外形和断面很相似的中药材简述比较如下。 1.甘草和黄芪: 1.1相同点:两药都是豆科植物,外形和断面很相似,药用根均呈园柱形,表面都有皱纹和沟纹,断面纤维性,显粉性,有菊花心。 1.2不同点:甘草表面呈红棕色、棕色或灰棕色,嚼之有特殊的甜味。而黄芪表面呈灰黄色或淡棕褐色,嚼之有豆腥气。 2.天花粉和山药:
The trait identification method identifies medicinal materials by observing the character, color, texture, odor and cross-sectional characteristics of medicinal materials. Such as: Acacia skin has a specific shape of the lenticels, Pittosporum has nail sting, and so on. Using this method of identification, a brief comparison of the five pairs of Chinese herbal medicines with very similar shapes and sections is shown below. 1. Glycyrrhiza and Astragalus: 1.1 Same points: Both drugs are leguminous plants, and their appearance and cross-section are similar. The medicinal roots are cylindrical, with wrinkles and grooves on the surface. The cross-section is fibrillar and powdery. Daisy heart. 1.2 Different points: The surface of licorice is reddish-brown, brown or gray-brown, and its chewing has a special sweetness. The jaundice surface is pale yellow or light brown, and chewing bean pods. 2. Trichosanthus and yam: