论文部分内容阅读
小儿急性白血病化疗时并发的感染是导致治疗失败的主要原因之一,故正确处理小儿白血病化疗时的感染是进行有效化疗的必备条件。感染的来源主要包括污染的空气、未清洗的手、不洁饮食等。感染部位以呼吸道、口腔、消化道、会阴及肛门最常见,白血病患儿细菌感染的发生率为56%～90%,多发生于急性白血病的进展期或诱导缓解期及化疗引起的骨髓抑制阶段。长期应用抗生素和反复化疗者易并真菌感染,特别是当外周血中性粒细胞低于1×109L-1,持续超过7 d时容易发生深部真菌感染。白血病患儿感染防治的基本原则为保护和提高患儿的免疫力,减少环境中的病原菌,合理使用抗微生物药物,抑制或杀灭已在患儿体内滋生的病原菌。
Infection of children with acute leukemia complicated by chemotherapy is one of the main causes of treatment failure, so the correct treatment of childhood leukemia chemotherapy is an essential prerequisite for effective chemotherapy. The main sources of infection include polluted air, unwashed hands, unclean diet and so on. Infected parts of the respiratory tract, mouth, digestive tract, perineum and anus of the most common, the incidence of bacterial infection in children with leukemia 56% to 90%, occurred in acute leukemia or induction of remission and chemotherapy induced bone marrow suppression phase . Long-term use of antibiotics and recurrent chemotherapy are easy and fungal infections, especially when peripheral blood neutrophils less than 1 × 109L-1, lasting more than 7 d prone to deep fungal infections. The basic principles of prevention and treatment of leukemia infection in children to protect and improve children’s immunity, reduce the pathogenic bacteria in the environment, the rational use of anti-microbial drugs, inhibit or kill pathogens that are already in children’s breeding.