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雷尼替丁属 H_2-受体拮抗剂。上市10年来大量患者服用该药,约300篇文献报道该药的不良反应。服用雷尼替丁比较安全,各类不良反应发生率低于2%,与服安慰剂相似,且无严重或致死性副作用发生。主要有头痛,困倦,晕眩和腹泻、便秘、恶心等胃肠道功能轻度紊乱。服用该药者很少因不良反应而停止服用。雷尼替丁的心血管系副作用发生率不超过百万分之一,表现为窦性心动过缓和房室传导阻滞。副作用常在静脉注射过速时发生,停止注射后即消失。雷尼替丁无直接肝脏毒性,服用此药者约0.1%～1%有短暂肝功能变化,并发急性肝炎者低于十万分之一。并发神经精神系统副作用的发生率小于1%,临床表现与西咪替丁相似,有精神错乱、定向力障碍、致幻、谵妄。常发生在危重病人或多种疾病或慢性肝、肾功能衰竭者。雷尼替丁对血液系统的副作用仅有数例出现白细胞减少症。对内分泌无影响。皮肤毒性表现为荨麻疹、接触性皮炎和脉管炎。对人和实验动物的免疫调节功能无影响。
Ranitidine is a H 2 -receptor antagonist. A large number of patients on the market for 10 years to take the drug, about 300 articles reported adverse drug reactions. Taking ranitidine safer, the incidence of various types of adverse reactions less than 2%, and taking placebo similar to, and no serious or fatal side effects. Mainly headache, drowsiness, dizziness and diarrhea, constipation, nausea and other mild gastrointestinal disorders. Taking the drug seldom stopped taking it because of adverse reactions. The incidence of ranitidine cardiovascular side effects does not exceed one millionth, manifested as sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block. Side effects often occur when intravenous injection is too fast, disappear after stopping the injection. Ranitidine has no direct hepatic toxicity. About 0.1% ~ 1% of patients taking this drug have transient liver function changes, and those with acute hepatitis are less than one in 100,000. The incidence of side effects of neuropsychiatric system is less than 1%, clinical manifestations similar to cimetidine, with insanity, disorientation, hallucinations, delirium. Often occurs in critically ill patients or multiple diseases or chronic liver failure, renal failure. Only a few cases of leucopenia appear to have a side effect of ranitidine on the blood system. Endocrine no effect. Skin toxicity manifested as urticaria, contact dermatitis and vasculitis. No effect on immunomodulatory function in humans and laboratory animals.