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近年来,“二代”现象愈演愈烈,反映了我国社会各阶层日趋固化的现实。而刻画社会固化的重要工具就是代际收入流动性及其传递机制。研究结果发现,虽然城镇居民代际收入流动性并不高,且存在明显性别差异,但工作传递在收入代际传递中作用非常明显。性别差异主要表现为两点:其一,父母向子女传递收入的程度不同;其二,父母向子女传递收入的方式存在细节上的差异。实证检验证实了代际收入传递的三种机制:直接传递,即父母将收入直接向子女转移;通过人力资本传递,即父母通过对子女进行教育等人力资本投资,提高子女能力,从而提高子女收入;通过工作选择传递,即父母通过影响子女工作选择影响子女收入。
In recent years, the phenomenon of “second generation” has intensified, reflecting the reality that all social strata in our country are becoming increasingly solidified. But an important tool that characterizes social solidification is intergenerational income mobility and its transmission mechanism. The result shows that although the intergenerational income mobility of urban residents is not high and there are obvious gender differences, the work transfer plays an obvious role in the intergenerational transfer of income. Gender differences are mainly manifested in two points: First, parents have different levels of income delivery to their children; and second, details of the way parents pass on their income to children. Empirical testing confirms three mechanisms for intergenerational income transfer: direct delivery, where parents transfer income directly to their children; and delivery through human capital, which increases their child’s income through parental investment in human capital such as education of children ; Pass through the choice of work, that is, parents affect their children’s income by influencing their working choices.