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已知外泌体有多种生物学功能,包括参与免疫反应和抗原提呈,尤其是作为囊泡可以在细胞间运输蛋白、病毒、脂质和RNA。外泌体是一种重要的细胞间物质和信息交流的工具,它通过在细胞间传递基因和蛋白信号,调节肿瘤微环境,从而介导肝癌细胞的凋亡、分化、血管生成和转移。早期诊断对提高肝细胞癌患者的生存率极其重要。因此,有研究认为,外泌体可以作为一种新的分子标志物用于肝癌诊断,并且可以用作肝癌治疗的潜在靶标。本文即对外泌体在肝癌中的作用机制和临床应用做一综述。
Exosomes are known to have a variety of biological functions, including participation in immune responses and antigen presentation, especially as vesicles to transport proteins, viruses, lipids and RNA between cells. Exosome is an important tool for the exchange of information between cells and cells. It mediates apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis and metastasis in hepatocarcinoma by regulating the microenvironment of the tumor by transmitting gene and protein signals between cells. Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients to improve the survival rate is extremely important. Therefore, some studies suggest that exosomes can be used as a new molecular marker in the diagnosis of liver cancer, and can be used as a potential target for the treatment of liver cancer. This article reviews the mechanism and clinical application of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma.