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The Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 caused heavy casualties and economic loss.According to the field investigations, the characteristics can be described as follows: The meizoseismal region with an intensity of Ⅺ shows an obviously zonal distribution and suffered serious destruction from the earthquake, and the destruction perpendicular to the earthquake surface rupture decreased sharply. At the same time, the intensity Ⅹ and Ⅸ regions perpendicular to the rupture are narrow and therefore their coverage area is small. The intensity on both sides of the rupture attenuates rapidly, but intensity Ⅶ and the Ⅵ regions are wide, the latter covering about 240,000 km2. In intensity Ⅵ region, the damage area perpendicular to the rupture in the southern part is much larger than that of the northern part. Also, much new understanding about destruction types and destructive modes for all kinds of buildings, landforms and terrain is achieved in this paper.