过去几十年,服务部门改革的一个重大要素便是所谓生产者服务业的兴起,所谓生产者服务是那些作为商品和其他服务生产过程的投入品的那些服务。在宏观经济水平上,由于制造企业的服务生产有明显的外部化趋势,已导致生产者服务业作为一个独立的部门出现。这使得企业能够通过专业化而达到较高的效率,能够节省研究与开发费用,并能在不需进行持续增加职员、对资本设备进行大量新投资的情况下满足最大需求。技术在这些改革中发挥了关 A major element of service sector reform over the past few decades has been the rise of so-called producer services, those services that are inputs to the production processes of goods and other services. At the macroeconomic level, the obvious externalization of service production by manufacturing enterprises has led to the emergence of producer services as an independent sector. This allows businesses to achieve higher efficiencies through specialization, save on research and development costs, and meet the maximum demands without the need to continually increase staff and make substantial new investments in capital equipment. Technology has played a key role in these reforms