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这是一个呼吁开放、共享的时代,开放与共享的思想已经渗透各个领域,例如,计算机领域出现了开源软件,教育领域出现了开放教育资源。自2001年美国麻省理工学院开创性地提出开放教育课件以来,开放教育资源迅速在全球推广开来,并形成了一场运动,很多国际组织、国家和大学都纷纷参与到这场运动中。英国开放大学的Openlearn项目等都被认为是开放教育资源运动的先行者,这些都是大学层面的开放教育资源实践,同时很多国家的政府也意识到开放教育资源的重要性,从国家层面力推开放教育资源,如中国的精品课程、英国开放教育资源(UKOER)项目等。一方面,开放教育资源可以让普通民众免费获取优质、丰富的学习资源,这对教育公平化、民主化有着深远的意义;另一方面,对于这些提供开放教育资源的机构来说,也是一个很好的开放发展的机会。然而,开放教育资源发展过程中也碰到了很多问题,例如可持续性发展、稳定的资金来源、技术难点、版权所有等等。本次受访者马尔科姆·里德博士自1993年7月以来担任英国联合信息系统委员会(Joint Information Systems Committee,简称JISC)的执行秘书长,除此之外,他一直十分关注16岁之后人群的教育和研究中的ICT政策与战略发展。他还大量参与有关国际ICT基础设施的活动。2009年在英国女王寿辰典礼中被授予荣誉勋章。而英国开放教育资源项目正是由JISC和高等教育委员会(The Higher Education Academy)代表英国高等教育资金委员会(Higher Education Founding Councilfor England,简称HEFCE)来进行管理的。希望里德博士对英国乃至世界开放教育资源发展现状的介绍和分析,对中国开放教育资源的可持续发展有所启发。
This is an era of call for openness and sharing. The idea of openness and sharing has permeated various fields. For example, open source software has emerged in the computer field and open educational resources have emerged in the field of education. Since the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) pioneered the courseware of Open Education in 2001, the resources of open education have rapidly been popularized around the world and a campaign has been formed. Many international organizations, countries and universities are participating in the campaign. The Openlearn project of the Open University of the United Kingdom is regarded as the forerunner of the Open Education Resource Campaign. These are the practice of open education resources at the university level. At the same time, many governments are also aware of the importance of open education resources and pushing forward from the national level Educational resources, such as China’s best course, UK Open Education Resource (UKOER) project. On the one hand, open educational resources can make ordinary people gain free access to high-quality and abundant learning resources, which has far-reaching significance for fair education and democratization. On the other hand, it is also a very important institution for providing open educational resources Good open development opportunities. However, many problems have also been encountered in the development of open education resources, such as sustainable development, stable sources of funding, technical difficulties, copyright ownership and so on. In addition to serving as Executive Secretary of the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) since July 1993, Dr. Malcolm Reed, a respondent, has been very much concerned with the fact that after the age of 16 ICT policy and strategic development in the education and research of populations. He is also heavily involved in activities related to international ICT infrastructure. In 2009 the Queen of England birthday ceremony was awarded Medal of Honor. The UK Open Education Resource Project is managed by JISC and The Higher Education Academy on behalf of the Higher Education Founding Council for England (HEFCE). We hope that Dr. Reed’s introduction and analysis of the status quo of the development of open educational resources in the UK and the world will inspire the sustainable development of China’s open educational resources.