一、主观的要求伦理向我们显示为必须接受的道德的要求。它的强制性产生于个人的内在根源,个人在他精神上感受到义务发出的命令。它也来自外在的根源:文化、信仰、一个共同体的规范。它还可能具有出自生物组织的先天的根源,后者通过遗传传承。这三个根源互相关联,如同形成一个共同的隐藏的基础。如同我们已经看到的(见我的《方法》卷5《人类之为人类》,《观点》丛书版,第55页),个人—社会—族类三项不可分割地成为三位一体。人类个体,在他的自主性中,同 First, the subjective requirements Ethics have shown us as the moral requirements that must be accepted. Its compulsion arises from the inner roots of individuals, and individuals feel in spirit their orders of obligation. It also comes from external sources: culture, beliefs, norms of a community. It may also have innate origins from biological tissues, the latter through genetic inheritance. These three roots are related to each other as if they form a common hidden foundation. As we have seen (see My Methodology, Volume 5 Human Beings, Opinion, Series, p. 55), the personal-social-ethnic three are inextricably linked to the Trinity. Human beings, in their autonomy, with