论文部分内容阅读
图论是古老的组合数学中一个新颖的分支。二百多年前,它从探讨饶有趣味的“哥尼斯堡(K(o|¨)njgsberg)七桥问题”、“地图染色的四色猜想”和“周游世界”等问题中诞生,最近几十年来,由于广泛应用在各个领域中,而得到迅速的发展。图论中的问题大多明瞭易懂,论证的构思比较巧妙,涉及的数学工具并不深奥,故适合于供广大中学生作课外活动和数学兴趣小组的学习之用。但图论中一些棘手的难题,目前仍使数学家束手无策。
Graph theory is a novel branch of ancient combinatorial mathematics. More than two hundred years ago, it was born out of interesting questions about the “Königsberg” (next-seven-bridge problem), the “four-color conjecture of map staining”, and the “travel around the world.” For decades, it has been rapidly developed due to its wide application in various fields. Most of the problems in graph theory are easy to understand, the concept of argumentation is ingenious, and the mathematical tools involved are not esoteric. Therefore, it is suitable for the majority of middle school students to use extra-curricular activities and math interest groups to learn. But some tricky problems in graph theory still make mathematicians helpless.