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德国民事诉讼法上的重复起诉禁止制度与既判力制度系出于同源,都可追溯到罗马法上的程式诉讼时期。“就同一诉讼事件已有诉讼系属发生”这一事项,在德国法上属于消极的诉讼要件,该要件适用于多种程序,法院应以职权斟酌该事实,但不必依职权调查。德国法上重复起诉禁止的主观范围扩及受既判力所及之人,重复起诉禁止的客观范围则依二分肢诉讼标的概念而定。该制度及相关学说对我国相关规定的理解具有一定的价值。
The repealing prosecution system and the res judicata system in Germany’s civil procedure law can be traced back to the procedural lawsuits in Roman law. “Matter of an existing litigation in the same litigation event ” is a negative procedural element in German law that applies to a variety of procedural matters. The court should consider the facts ex officio but not ex officio. The subjective scope of the German law prohibiting repetition of prosecution extends to persons subject to the res judicata, and the objective scope of the prohibition of repetitive prosecution depends on the concept of bisexual litigation. The system and related doctrine have some value to our understanding of relevant regulations.