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化肥中镉的限量越来越受到社会的普遍关注,但其立法过程受到相关利益方的阻碍。本文对欧洲和中国镉问题立法过程进行了回顾和总结,指出磷肥中镉的问题实际是两种观点的博奕:一是施用含镉磷肥和其它镉源有可能带来危害人类健康的风险;二是微量的镉含量对人类和生态不会造成危害。在欧洲,化肥中镉问题的博奕主要在欧委会和欧洲化肥生产协会之间进行;而在中国,博奕发生在中国和美国的贸易政策之间。根据当前中国实际,笔者建议:分阶段建立镉问题标准,降低镉问题风险。即:定性认识阶段,对磷肥中镉含量大于8mg/kg的化肥进行强制性标识;定量认识阶段,对化肥中镉进行限量立法。
The limit of cadmium in fertilizer is getting more and more social attention, but the legislative process is hindered by the stakeholders. This paper reviews and summarizes the process of legislation on cadmium in Europe and China and points out that the issue of cadmium in phosphate fertilizer is actually a game between two viewpoints: first, the risks of using cadmium-containing phosphate and other cadmium sources may bring harm to human health; Trace amounts of cadmium do not harm humans and the environment. In Europe, the game of cadmium in chemical fertilizers is mainly conducted between the European Commission and the European Fertilizer Production Association; in China, the game takes place between China and the United States in trade policies. According to the current actual situation in China, the author suggests: to establish a cadmium standard in stages so as to reduce the risk of cadmium problems. Namely: Qualitative understanding of the stage, the phosphorus fertilizer in the cadmium content greater than 8mg / kg of fertilizer mandatory identification; Quantitative understanding of the stage, the limited amount of cadmium fertilizer legislation.