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尾蚴穿透宿主皮肤是血吸虫成功感染终宿主的第一步。尾蚴钻腺分泌的蛋白酶在穿透宿主皮肤过程中发挥了重要作用。目前对于血吸虫感染分子机制的研究主要集中在包括丝氨酸蛋白酶和半胱氨酸蛋白酶在内的尾蚴分泌蛋白酶上。已有研究表明,曼氏血吸虫主要靠尾蚴分泌的弹性蛋白酶穿透宿主皮肤,日本血吸虫则主要利用组织蛋白酶B2侵入宿主体内。尾蚴入侵分子机制的阐明有助于新型血吸虫病疫苗的研制和药物靶点的发现。
Cercariae penetrate the host skin is the first step in successful infection of schistosomes. Echinacea glands secrete proteases that play an important role in penetrating the skin of the host. At present, the research on the molecular mechanism of schistosomiasis infection mainly focuses on the secretion of protease by cercariae including serine protease and cysteine protease. Studies have shown that Schistosoma mansoni mainly rely on elastase secreted by cercariae penetrate the skin of the host, while Schistosoma japonicum mainly uses cathepsin B2 to invade the host. The elucidation of the molecular mechanism of cercariae invasion contributes to the development of novel schistosomiasis vaccines and the discovery of drug targets.