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目的掌握西藏自治区2009—2013年手足口病的发病特征以及流行趋势,为制定西藏自治区手足口病防控策略提供参考。方法对2009—2013年西藏自治区传染病网络报告的所有手足口病病例进行描述性流行病学分析,采用荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链反应对采集到的病例咽拭子、疱疹液等标本进行实验室检测确认病原体。结果 2009—2013年西藏自治区共报告手足口病病例4471例,年均发病率24.95/10万,其中重症17例,无死亡病例。2010年和2012年发病率较高,分别为66.30/10万和42.12/10万。地区分布中,拉萨市年均发病率最高,达90.79/10万,昌都地区年平均发病率最低(1.40/10万)。发病有明显季节性,9—10月为秋季发病高峰,强度高于4—7月春夏季高峰。病例以≤5岁儿童为主,占77.88%;男性多于女性。病原以肠道病毒71型(EV71)为主,占65.18%。结论 2009—2013年西藏手足口病呈“当年高发、次年低发”的流行特征;发病呈双峰流行,秋季高峰尤为明显,不同于全国其他地区;主要危及≤5岁婴幼儿,病原以EV71为主。西藏要重点防范秋季高发,突出针对低龄、城市婴幼儿人群的防控。
Objective To grasp the incidence and epidemic trend of HFMD in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2009 to 2013 and provide reference for the development of prevention and control strategies for HFMD in Tibet Autonomous Region. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of all hand-foot-mouth disease cases reported by the Infectious Diseases Network of Tibet Autonomous Region from 2009 to 2013 was carried out. Specimens of throat swab and herpes fluid were collected by fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Perform laboratory tests to confirm the pathogen. Results A total of 4471 HFMD cases were reported in the Tibet Autonomous Region from 2009 to 2013 with an average annual incidence of 24.95 / 100 000, of which 17 were severe and no deaths were reported. The incidence was high in 2010 and 2012, at 66.30 / 100,000 and 42.12 / 100,000, respectively. In the regional distribution, the average annual incidence of Lhasa is the highest, reaching 90.79 / lakh, with the lowest average annual incidence (1.40 / lakh) in Changdu. The incidence was significantly seasonal, September-October peak incidence in autumn, the intensity higher than the spring-summer peak in April-July. Cases of children aged ≤ 5 years, accounting for 77.88%; more men than women. Pathogenic enterovirus 71 (EV71) based, accounting for 65.18%. Conclusion The prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Tibet during 2009-2013 was “high in the current year and low in the following year.” The prevalence of the disease was bimodal, with the peak in autumn being especially obvious, which was different from other regions in the country. The main pathogen to EV71. Tibet should focus on preventing the high incidence of autumn, highlighting the prevention and control of young infants and young children in urban areas.