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目的探讨胎儿生长受限(FGR)及出生后高脂饮食(HF)对雌性 SD 大鼠胰岛素抵抗(IR)发生的作用,以及对青春期发育和生殖功能的影响。方法采用低蛋白饮食法建立 FGR 模型。FGR 和正常组(C)新生雌鼠又各随机分为2组,每组16只,分别予高脂和常规饲料(N)喂养(即FGR/HF 组,FGR/N 组,C/HF 组,C/N 组)。出生后第30天始每组随机取10只观察阴道开口及动情周期变化;第13周每组随机取10只测定体重(Bw)、身长、肾周脂肪重量(Fw);同时空腹采血测血糖(FPG)、胰岛素(FINS)、睾酮(T)水平,计算 HOMA-IR 及 ISI;第13周始每组取6只雌鼠行合笼实验。结果 FGR/N 组、FGR/HF 组、C/HF 组大鼠在成年期均出现了肥胖趋势及 IR 现象,表现为 FINS 水平升高(20±12,19±8,26±15 vs 7±7,均 P<0.05)及 ISI(3.0±1.1,2.7±1.1,2.9±0.7 vs 4.8±2.0,均 P<0.05)降低;FGR/N 组大鼠存在青春期延迟并且 FGR/N 组、FGR/HF 组及 C/HF 组均存在稀发排卵现象,FGR/HF 组生育能力明显降低;FGR/HF 组存在最严重的肥胖趋势、IR 和生殖功能紊乱。结论 FGR 大鼠存在青春期延迟、稀发排卵及成年期 IR,出生后高脂饮食加剧了 FGR 者的 IR及生殖内分泌紊乱的严重程度。
Objective To investigate the effect of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and postnatal high-fat diet (HF) on insulin resistance (IR) in female SD rats and its effect on puberty development and reproductive function. Methods FGR model was established by low protein diet. FGR and normal group (C) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 16), fed with high fat and normal diet respectively (FGR / HF group, FGR / N group and C / HF group , C / N group). At the 13th day after birth, 10 rabbits in each group were randomly selected to observe the change of vaginal opening and estrous cycle. At week 13, 10 rabbits in each group were randomly selected to measure body weight (Bw), body length and perirenal fat mass (Fw) (FPG), insulin (FINS) and testosterone (T) levels were calculated. HOMA-IR and ISI were calculated. Six females in each group were caged at the 13th week. Results FGF / N, FGR / HF and C / HF groups all showed obesity tendency and IR phenomenon in adulthood, which showed that the level of FINS increased (20 ± 12, 19 ± 8, 26 ± 15 vs 7 ± 7, P <0.05) and ISI (3.0 ± 1.1,2.7 ± 1.1,2.9 ± 0.7 vs 4.8 ± 2.0, all P <0.05). The FGR / N group had delayed puberty and FGR / In HF group and C / HF group, there were both sparse ovulation and ovulation, while fertility in FGR / HF group was significantly reduced. The most severe obesity, IR and reproductive dysfunction occurred in FGR / HF group. Conclusion FGR rats have delayed puberty, sparse ovulation and adult IR. After birth, high fat diet exacerbates the severity of IR and reproductive endocrine disorders in FGR rats.