目的　探讨影响食管小细胞癌治疗预后的因素。方法　对 1975年 1月至 1995年 12月收治的 60例食管小细胞癌的病例资料 ,应用SPSS 8.0统计软件中Cox回归函数 ,对其中 44例患者的预后进行多因素分析。结果　 5年随访率为 73 .3 %。局限期患者 1、2、5年生存率分别为 5 1.8%、2 9.6%及 18.5 %。中位生存期为 11个月 ;广泛期患者 1、2、5年生存率分别为 47.6%、17.6%及 0。中位生存期为 10个月。影响局限期和广泛期患者预后的主要因素分别为年龄和治疗手段 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肿瘤临床分期及发病年龄是影响食管小细胞癌患者预后的主要因素。对于广泛期患者 ,以化疗为主的综合治疗是延长中位生存期的重要手段 Objective To investigate the factors affecting the prognosis of esophageal small cell carcinoma. Methods From January 1975 to December 1995, 60 patients with esophageal small cell carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Multivariate analysis was performed on the prognosis of 44 patients using Cox regression using SPSS 8.0 software. Results The 5-year follow-up rate was 73.3%. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 5 1.8%, 29.6% and 18.5% in patients with limited duration. The median survival was 11 months; the 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 47.6%, 17.6%, and 0, respectively. The median survival was 10 months. The main factors influencing the prognosis of patients in the limited and extensive periods were age and treatment (P <0.05). Conclusion The clinical stage and age of tumor are the main factors affecting the prognosis of patients with esophageal small cell carcinoma. For a wide range of patients, chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment is an important means to extend the median survival