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研究于 1 994年～ 1 997年进行了小区试验 ,通过麦秸覆盖和小麦残茬覆盖对夏玉米田小气候的影响 ,揭示了夏玉米节水增产的物理机制和提高水分有效消耗的生物学过程。试验表明 ,夏玉米实行麦秸覆盖和残茬覆盖后 ,地面热量平衡发生明显变化 ,湍流热通量增大 ,而潜热通量减少 ,从而使地面温度降低 ,有效地抑制了土壤水分蒸发 ,使土壤湿度增大 ,因而有利于促进植株蒸腾 ,使土壤水分从无效消耗向有效消耗转化
The study was conducted from1994to1997, and the plot experiment was carried out. The effects of straw mulching and wheat stubble coverage on the microclimate of summer maize field were revealed. The physical mechanism of water saving and yield increase and the biological process of increasing water consumption were revealed. The results showed that after the summer maize was covered with wheat straw and stubble, the balance of ground heat changed obviously, the turbulent heat flux increased, and the latent heat flux decreased. As a result, the ground temperature was decreased and the evaporation of soil moisture was effectively restrained. Humidity increases, which is conducive to promoting plant transpiration, soil moisture from inefficient consumption to effective consumption conversion