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贵州省从江侗乡稻鱼鸭系统被列为首批全球重要农业文化遗产,具有1 200年的历史。为更好地保护和传承该系统,并深入发掘该系统作为全球重要农业文化遗产的意义,也为稻鱼鸭高产技术在该系统保护区域内实施和推广提供科学依据,采用GC-MS方法测定土壤脂肪酸的组成和相对含量,对侗乡稻鱼鸭复合系统土壤微生物的种类组成进行研究。结果表明:1)代表细菌的16∶0和19∶0脂肪酸含量,非稻-鱼-鸭复合系统(以下简称“非系统”)土壤比稻-鱼-鸭复合系统(以下简称“系统”)土壤的分别高7.97~5.16倍和425.13~43.60倍;代表细菌的11∶0、12∶0和13∶0脂肪酸含量,系统土壤比非系统土壤的分别高80.90~63.17倍、1.90~1.65倍和5.86~5.26倍;代表细菌的其他脂肪酸含量,系统土壤和非系统土壤的差别不大。代表真菌的18∶1ω9c和18∶1ω9t脂肪酸含量,非系统土壤比系统土壤的分别高9.36~7.17倍和8.28~7.19倍;代表真菌的18∶2ω6,9脂肪酸含量,系统土壤比非系统土壤的高4.38~1.87倍。代表放线菌的10Me18∶0脂肪酸含量,系统土壤比非系统土壤的略高。代表线虫的20∶0脂肪酸含量,非系统土壤比系统土壤的高2.82~2.47倍。2)系统土壤和非系统土壤均以细菌为主。其中,主要是G-,放线菌次之,真菌、线虫和G+含量相对较低,G-丰度较高是稻鱼鸭复合系统的主要特征。结论:系统土壤中微生物丰度的大小依次为细菌>G->放线菌>真菌>G+>线虫,非系统土壤的依次为细菌>真菌>G->放线菌>G+>线虫。
Guizhou Province, Dongjiang duck rice system was listed as the first batch of the world’s major agricultural heritage, with a history of 1,200 years. In order to better protect and inherit the system and further explore the significance of the system as an important agricultural cultural heritage in the world, it also provides a scientific basis for the implementation and popularization of the high-yielding technology of rice duck in the protected area of the system. The GC-MS method was used to determine Soil fatty acid composition and relative content of the Dongxiang rice duck farming system of soil microbial species composition. The results showed as follows: 1) The content of 16:0 and 19:0 fatty acids in the bacteria was higher than that in the non-rice-fish-duck complex system (hereinafter referred to as “non-system” System ") were 7.97-5.16 times higher and 425.13-43.60 times higher than the soil of the non-systematic soil respectively. The contents of 11:0,12:0 and 13:0 fatty acids in the soil were 80.90-63.17 and 1.90 ~ 1.65 times and 5.86 ~ 5.26 times, respectively. The contents of other fatty acids that represent bacteria were not significantly different between the system and non-system soils. The contents of 18: 1ω9c and 18:1: ω9t fatty acids, which represent fungi, were 9.36-7.17 folds and 8.28-7.19 folds higher than that of systemic soils respectively. The content of 18:2ω6,9 fatty acids in the non-systemic soils was higher than that of non-systematic soils High 4.38 ~ 1.87 times. On behalf of actinomycetes 10Me18: 0 fatty acid content, the system of soil slightly higher than the non-system soil. On behalf of nematodes 20:0 fatty acid content, non-systematic soil 2.82 to 2.47 times higher than the system of soil. 2) Both systemic and non-systematic soils are bacteria-based. Among them, the main characteristics were G-, actinomycetes, fungi, nematodes and G +, while G-richness was the main characteristic of rice-duck ducks. CONCLUSIONS: The order of microbial abundance in soil is Bacteria> G-> Actinomycetes> Fungi> G +> nematodes and non-systematic soil followed by bacteria> fungi> G-> actinomycetes> G +> nematodes.