在古代中国,与女性的诗歌才能相比,男性更重视女性的德行,被抛弃的女性往往难以通过诗歌打动对方。因此在大多数情况下,《毛诗大序》所提出的诗歌“经夫妇”之功能流于一种空洞的主张。而在古代日本,女性的和歌才能受到高度重视,男女常常通过和歌沟通彼此心意,化解交往中的矛盾。《古今和歌集》假名序中所提出的「男女の中をも和らげ」真实地展现了古代日本男女之间通过和歌传达情意的赠答传统。笔者认为这种差异源于古代中日两国不同的婚姻形态以及对女性才学的评价。 In ancient China, men paid more attention to the virtues of women than women’s poetic abilities. It is often difficult for discarded women to impress each other through poetry. In most cases, therefore, the function of poetry and “husband and wife” proposed in the “Mahāyān Preface to Poetry” falls into a hollow proposition. In ancient Japan, women’s harmony songs can be highly valued, and men and women often communicate with each other through songs and resolve conflicts in communication. The “Men and Women” in the pseudonym of “Ancient and Modern Hirohitsu” is a true manifestation of the tradition of giving and receiving affections by ancient Japanese men and women. I think this difference stems from ancient China and Japan in different forms of marriage as well as the evaluation of women’s talent.