论文部分内容阅读
目前,贸易摩擦的形式有反倾销、反补贴、保障措施、特保(两反两保),337调查(美国特有)及其它知识产权纠纷,技术壁垒(TBT),海关强制措施。其中在技术壁垒方面,贸易摩擦形式有各种认证,欧盟Rohs、Weee,美国消费者保护法、保函,各种环保规章等。除此之外,贸易摩擦还有其它壁垒:例如突然提高关税(印度提高电力设备进口关税19%)、国产化率要求(巴西根据国产
At present, the forms of trade friction are anti-dumping, anti-subsidy, safeguard measures, special safeguard (two anti-two guarantees), 337 investigations (US-specific) and other intellectual property disputes, technical barriers (TBTs) and customs coercive measures. Among the technical barriers, there are various forms of trade friction, the EU Rohs, Weee, the United States Consumer Protection Act, guarantee, all kinds of environmental regulations. In addition to this, there are other barriers to trade frictions: for example, a sudden increase in tariffs (19% increase in import tariffs on electrical equipment in India), domesticization requirements (Brazil based on domestic