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庄子人学包括人生困境的追溯、人的本质存在、人由非本质存在向本质存在的转化三个方面。庄子认为人生困境在于物对抗我、我异己而存在 ,表现为“有待”、“有己”的失“性” ,困境之因在于认识上的“芒” ,即仁义是非的阻隔 ,“芒”又导源于我之“成心”———主观一己之意志 ;人的本质存在是人的无待、无己、胜物、自由、对他人的“无用” ,是物我矛盾的超越、本性的完满实现 (“足性”) ;从困境走向自由———逍遥之路 ,在于消除仁义是非 ,进而“得道” ,其一般方法是“忘”(“外”、“虚”) :“心斋”、“坐忘” ,但“得道”的具体途径因人而异 ,且只是一部分人的“专利”
Zhuangzi’s study of human nature includes three aspects: the tracing of life’s dilemma, the existence of human nature, and the conversion of human being from non-existent to existent. Chuang Tzu believes that the predicament of life lies in the fact that things confront me and that I exist in a different direction. They are manifested as the “loss” of “being” and “having oneself.” The reason of the dilemma lies in the awkwardness of understanding, that is, the barrier of benevolence and righteousness. Guide from my “into the heart” --- the will of the subjective and the individual; the essence of human existence is human beings, no self, wins, freedom, “useless” to others, is the contradiction between things and me, nature (“Fullness”); from the dilemma to freedom --- the way of freefall lies in the elimination of benevolence and righteousness and thus “enlightenment.” The general method is “forgetting” (“outside” and “emptiness”): “heart Fasting ”and“ forgetfulness. ”However, the specific ways of obtaining morality vary from person to person, and only a part of the people’s“ patents ”